THE ROLE OF LEADER’S SPIRITUAL LEADERSHIP ON ORGANISATION OUTCOMES

Main Article Content

Phuong V. Nguyen
Khoa T. Tran
Khanh Hai Dao
Ho Phi Dinh

Abstract

This paper aims to investigate a causal model of spiritual leadership theory in organisational context and evaluates the effectiveness of spiritual survival and empowerment on organisational outcomes in terms of commitment and citizenship behaviour. It used structural equation model (SEM) approach to test a conceptual framework with data collection of 329 full-time employees working in service industries in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The findings illustrated the critical effects of spiritual leadership on organisational outcomes throughout membership, empowerment, and personal characteristics regarding meaning and calling. Specifically, a qualitative approach was conducted to highlight the testing results and get a better understanding of unanticipated consequences from the quantitative analysis. Based on the findings, the study proposed some specific interests of managerial implications and identify some limitations for future study.

Article Details

How to Cite
Phuong V. Nguyen, Khoa T. Tran, Khanh Hai Dao, & Ho Phi Dinh. (2018). THE ROLE OF LEADER’S SPIRITUAL LEADERSHIP ON ORGANISATION OUTCOMES. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 23(2), 45–68. https://doi.org/10.21315/aamj2018.23.2.3
Section
Original Articles

References

Avolio, B.J., Zhu, W., Koh, W., & Puja, B. (2004). Transformational leadership and organizational commitment: Mediating role of psychological empowerment and moderating role of structural distance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(May), 951–968. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.283

Babin, B.J., & Babin, L. (2001). Seeking something different? A model of schema typicality, consumer affect, purchase intentions and perceived shopping value. Journal of Business Research, 54(2), 89–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(99)00095-8

Begley, T., & Czajka, J. (1993). Panel analysis of the moderating effects of commitment on job-satisfaction, intent to quit, and health following organizational-change. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(4), 552–556. https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.78.4.552

Benefiel, M. (2005). The second half of the journey: Spiritual leadership for organizational transformation. Leadership Quarterly, 16(5), 723–747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.07.005

Benefiel, M., Fry, L.W., & Geigle, D. (2014). Spirituality and religion in the workplace: History, theory, and research. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 6(3), 175–187. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036597

Bennis, W.G. (2004). On becoming a leader. Reading: Addison Wesley.

Chen, C.-Y., & Yang, C.-F. (2012). The impact of spiritual leadership on organizational citizenship behavior: A multi-sample analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 105(1), 107–114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0953-3

Chen, C.Y., & Li, C.I. (2013). Assessing the spiritual leadership effectiveness: The contribution of follower’s self-concept and preliminary tests for moderation of culture and managerial position. Leadership Quarterly, 24(1), 240–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2012.11.004

Cohen, A. (1993). Organizational commitment and turnover: A meta-analysis. The Academy of Management Review, 36(5), 1140–1157. https://doi.org/10.2307/256650

Cole, M.S., Schaninger, W.S., & Harris, S.G. (2002). The workplace social exchange network: A multilevel, conceptual examination. Group and Organization Management, 27(1), 142–167. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601102027001008

Cregård, A. (2017). Investigating the risks of spiritual leadership. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 27(4), 533–547. https://doi.org/10.1002/nml.21262

Deci, E.L., & Ryan, R.M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Of behavior human needs and the self-determination. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01

Fairholm, G.W. (1996). Spiritual leadership: Fulfilling whole?self needs at work. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 17(5), 11–17. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437739610127469

Fairholm, M.R., & Gronau, T.W. (2015). Spiritual leadership in the work of public administrators. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 12(4), 354–373. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766086.2015.1060516

Fernando, M., & Chowdhury, R.M.M.I. (2010). The relationship between spiritual wellbeing and ethical orientations in decision making: An empirical study with business executives in Australia. Journal of Business Ethics, 95(2), 211–225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0355-y

Fornell, C., & Larcker, D.F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurements error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(4), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312

Fry, L.W. (2003). Toward a theory of spiritual leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 14(6), 693–727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2003.09.001

Fry, L.W., Hannah, S.T., Noel, M., & Walumbwa, F.O. (2011). Impact of spiritual leadership on unit performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(2), 259–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.02.002

Fry, L.W., Latham, J.R., Clinebell, S.K., & Krahnke, K. (2017). Spiritual leadership as a model for performance excellence: A study of Baldrige award recipients. Journal of Management, Spirituality and Religion, 14(1), 22–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766086.2016.1202130

Fry, L.W., & Slocum, J.W. (2008). Maximizing the triple bottom line through spiritual leadership. Organizational Dynamics, 37(1), 86–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2007.11.004

Fry, L.W., Vitucci, S., & Cedillo, M. (2005). Spiritual leadership and army transformation: Theory, measurement, and establishing a baseline. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(5), 835–862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.07.012

George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference, 11.0 update. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191112446654

Gotsis, G., & Kortezi, Z. (2008). Philosophical foundations of workplace spirituality: A critical approach. Journal of Business Ethics, 78(4), 575–600. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9369-5

Griffith, D.M., Allen, J.O., Deloney, E.H., Robinson, K., Lewis, E.Y., Campbell, B., Morrel-Samuels, S., Sparks, A., Zimmerman, M.A., & Reischl, T. (2010). Community-based organizational capacity building as a strategy to reduce racial health disparities. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 31(1–2), 31–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-010-0202-z

Hair, J.F., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L., & Black, W.C. (1998). Multivariate data analysis with readings (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Hair, J.F., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L., & Black, W.C. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective (7th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice-Hall. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmva.2009.12.014

Hartline, M.D., & Ferrell, O.C. (1996). The management of service employees: An empirical investigation. Journal of Marketing, 60(4), 52–70. https://doi.org/10.2307/1251901

Jeon, K.S., Passmore, D.L., Lee, C., & Hunsaker, W. (2013). Spiritual leadership: A validation study in a Korean context. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 10(4), 342–357. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766086.2013.801026

Kazemipour, F., Mohamad Amin, S., & Pourseidi, B. (2012). Relationship between workplace spirituality and organizational citizenship behavior among nurses through mediation of affective organizational commitment. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 44(3), 302–310. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2012.01456.x

Kolodinsky, R.W., Giacalone, R.A., & Jurkiewicz, C.L. (2008). Workplace values and outcomes: Exploring personal, organizational, and interactive workplace spirituality. Journal of Business Ethics, 81(2), 465–480. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9507-0

Kotter, J.P. (1996). Leading change. Harvard Business Review, 187. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13398-014-0173-7.2

Kriger, M., & Seng, Y. (2005). Leadership with inner meaning: A contingency theory of leadership based on the worldviews of five religions. Leadership Quarterly, 16(5), 771–806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.07.007

Lee, T.H. (2009). A structural model to examine how destination image, attitude, and motivation affect the future behavior of tourists. Leisure Sciences, 31(3), 215–236. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400902837787

Mathieu, J.E., & Zajac, D.M. (1990). A review and meta-analysis of the antecedents, correlates, and consequences of organizational commitment. Psychological Bulletin, 108(2), 171–194. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.108.2.171

Matthews, R.A., Michelle Diaz, W., & Cole, S.G. (2003). The organizational empowerment scale. Personnel Review, 32(3), 297–318. https://doi.org/10.1108/00483480310467624

Mayfield, J., & Mayfield, M. (2002). Leader communication strategies critical paths to improving employee commitment. American Business Review, 20(2), 89–94.

Menon, S. (2001). Employee empowerment: An integrative psychological approach. Applied Psychology, 50(1), 153–180. https://doi.org/10.1111/1464-0597.00052

Mowday, R.T. (1998). Reflections on the study and relevance of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 8(4), 387–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-4822(99)00006-6

Nyhan, R.C. (2000). Changing the paradigm: Trust and its role in public sector organizations. The American Review of Public Administration, 30(1), 87–109. https://doi.org/10.1177/02750740022064560

Organ, D.W., Podsakoff, P.M., & MacKenzie, S.B. (2006). Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature, antecedents and consequences. Personnel Psychology, 59(2), 457–500. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2006.00043_9.x

Pawar, B.S. (2009). Workplace spirituality facilitation: A comprehensive model. Journal of Business Ethics, 90(3), 375–386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0047-7

Peterson, N.A., & Zimmerman, M.A. (2004). Beyond the individual: Toward a nomological network of organizational empowerment. American Journal of Community Psychology, 34(1–2), 129–145. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:AJCP.0000040151.77047.58

Podsakoff, P.M., MacKenzie, S.B., Paine, J.B., & Bachrach, D.G. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 26(3), 513–563. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630002600307

Porter, L.W., Steers, R.M., Mowday, R.T., & Boulian, P.V. (1974). Organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover among psychiatric technicians. Journal of Applied Psychology, 59(5), 603–609. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0037335

Reave, L. (2005). Spiritual values and practices related to leadership effectiveness. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(5), 655–687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.07.003

Rego, A., & Pina e Cunha. M. (2008). Workplace spirituality and organizational commitment: An empirical study. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 21(1), 53–75. https://doi.org/10.1108/09534810810847039

Scholl, R.W. (1981). Differentiating organizational commitment from expectancy as a motivating force. The Academy of Management Review, 6(4), 589. https://doi.org/10.2307/257637

Spreitzer, G.M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1442–1465. https://doi.org/10.2307/256865

Srivastava, S. (2008). Organizational citizenship behaviour as a function of organizational commitment and corporate citizenship in organizations. Management and Labour Studies, 33(3), 311–337. https://doi.org/10.1177/0258042X0803300301

Vogt, P. (1997). Transfer to power. Credit Union Management, 20(6), 44–45.

Wat, D., & Shaffer, M.A. (2005). Equity and relationship quality influences on organizational citizenship behaviors: The mediating role of trust in the supervisor and empowerment. Personnel Review, 34, 406–422. https://doi.org/10.1108/00483480510599752

Williams, L.J., & Anderson, S.E. (1991). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behaviors. Journal of Management, 17(3), 601–617. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700305

Wright, T.A., & Quick, J.C. (2011). The role of character in ethical leadership research. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(5), 975–978. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.07.015

Zehnder, C., Herz, H., & Bonardi, J.P. (2017). A productive clash of cultures: Injecting economics into leadership research. The Leadership Quarterly, 28(1), 65–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2016.10.004