The impact of COVID-19 on financing decisions of SMEs in Vietnam

Main Article Content

An H.K. Vo
Trang T.T. Truong
Khoa D. Huynh

Abstract

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has had a massive impact on the economy around the world. To shed light on how COVID-19 is affecting the bank loan financing decisions of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam, we conducted a survey with the participation of representatives come from 92 SMEs in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam in the period from March to April 2020. Employing logistic regression, we find that the risk perception of COVID-19 is a significant factor that helps predict SMEs’ bank loan financing decisions. This study not only contributes to management literature regarding firm’s financing decisions but also assists policymakers in introducing policies related to SMEs.

Article Details

How to Cite
The impact of COVID-19 on financing decisions of SMEs in Vietnam. (2022). Asian Academy of Management Journal, 27(2), 163–187. https://doi.org/10.21315/aamj2022.27.2.8
Section
Original Articles

References

Ang, J. S., Cole, R. A., & Lawson, D. (2010). The role of owner in capital structure decisions: An analysis of single-owner corporations. Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance, 14, 1–36.

Ayandibu, A. O., & Houghton, J. (2017). The role of small and medium scale enterprise in local economic development (LED). Journal of Business and Retail Management Research, 11(2).

Baker, H. K., Kumar, S., & Rao, P. (2020). Financing preferences and practices of Indian SMEs. Global Finance Journal, 43, 100388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfj.2017.10.003

Baldwin, R., & Tomiura, E. (2020). Thinking ahead about the trade impact of COVID-19. Economics in the Time of COVID-19, 59.

Beck, T., Demirgüç-Kunt, A., Laeven, L., & Maksimovic, V. (2006). The determinants of financing obstacles. Journal of International Money and Finance, 25(6), 932–952. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2006.07.005

Berger, A. N., Espinosa-Vega, M. A., Frame, W. S., & Miller, N. H. (2011). Why do borrowers pledge collateral? New empirical evidence on the role of asymmetric information. Journal of Financial Intermediation, 20(1), 55–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfi.2010.01.001

Berry, A. (2007). The importance of SMEs in the economy. Paper presented at the ITD Global Conference on Taxation of Small and Medium Enterprises, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 17–19 October 2007.

Bish, A., & Michie, S. (2010). Demographic and attitudinal determinants of protective behaviours during a pandemic: A review. British Journal of Health Psychology, 15(4), 797–824. https://doi.org/10.1348/135910710X485826

Brewer, N. T., Chapman, G. B., Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., McCaul, K. D., & Weinstein, N. D. (2007). Meta-analysis of the relationship between risk perception and health behavior: The example of vaccination. Health Psychology, 26(2), 136–145. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.26.2.136

Casey, E., & O’Toole, C. M. (2014). Bank lending constraints, trade credit and alternative financing during the financial crisis: Evidence from European SMEs. Journal of Corporate Finance, 27(August), 173–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2014.05.001

Cole, R. A., & Sokolyk, T. (2018). Debt financing, survival, and growth of start-up firms. Journal of Corporate Finance, 50(June), 609–625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2017.10.013

Cosh, A., & Hughes, A. (2003). Enterprise challenged: Policy and performance in the British SME sector 1999–2002. ESRC Centre for Business Research.

Cowling, M., Liu, W., & Ledger, A. (2012). Small business financing in the UK before and during the current financial crisis. International Small Business Journal, 30(7), 778–800. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242611435516

Cowling, M., Liu, W., Minniti, M., & Zhang, N. (2016). UK credit and discouragement during the GFC. Small Business Economics, 47(4), 1049–1074. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-016-9745-6

Cravo, T. A. (2010). SMEs and economic growth in the Brazilian micro?regions. Papers in Regional Science, 89(4), 711–734. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5957.2010.00301.x

De Zwart, O., Veldhuijzen, I. K., Elam, G., Aro, A. R., Abraham, T., Bishop, G. D., Richardus, J. H., & Brug, J. (2007). Avian influenza risk perception, Europe and Asia. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 13(2), 290. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1302.060303

DeYoung, R., Gron, A., Torna, G., & Winton, A. (2015). Risk overhang and loan portfolio decisions: Small business loan supply before and during the financial crisis. The Journal of Finance, 70(6), 2451–2488. https://doi.org/10.1111/jofi.12356

DiMatteo, M. R., Haskard, K. B., & Williams, S. L. (2007). Health beliefs, disease severity, and patient adherence: A meta-analysis. Medical Care, 45(6), 521–528. https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0b013e318032937e

Ferrando, A., & Mulier, K. (2015). Firms’ financing constraints: Do perceptions match the actual situation? The Economic and Social Review, 46(1, Spring), 87–117.

Fishbein, M., & Yzer, M. C. (2003). Using theory to design effective health behavior interventions. Communication Theory, 13(2), 164–183. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2003.tb00287.x

Floyd, D. L., Prentice?Dunn, S., & Rogers, R. W. (2000). A meta?analysis of research on protection motivation theory. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30(2), 407–429. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2000.tb02323.x

Gellman, M. D., & Turner, J. R. (2013). Encyclopedia of behavioral medicine. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6007-3

Goodman, S. N. (1999). Toward evidence-based medical statistics. 2: The Bayes factor. Annals of Internal Medicine, 130(12), 1005–1013. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-12-199906150-00019

Held, L., & Ott, M. (2018). On p-values and Bayes factors. Annual Review of Statistics and Its Applications, 5, 393–419. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-statistics-031017-100307

Hochbaum, G. M. (1958). Public participation in medical screening programs: A socio-psychological study. US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service.

Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions and organizations across nations. Sage Publications.

Hosmer, D. W., & Lemesbow, S. (1980). Goodness of fit tests for the multiple logistic regression model. Communications in Statistics-Theory and Methods, 9(10), 1043–1069. https://doi.org/10.1080/03610928008827941

Janz, N. K., & Becker, M. H. (1984). The health belief model: A decade later. Health Education Quarterly, 11(1), 1–47. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019818401100101

Jeffreys, H. (1961). Theory of probability. Clarendon Press.

Jude, F. A., & Adamou, N. (2018). Bank loan financing decisions of small and medium-sized enterprises: The significance of owner/managers’ behaviours. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 10(5), 231–241. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v10n5p231

Kleinbaum, D. G., Kupper, L. L., Nizam, A., & Rosenberg, E. S. (2013). Applied regression analysis and other multivariable methods. Nelson Education.

Kolstad, I., & Wiig, A. (2015). Education and entrepreneurial success. Small Business Economics, 44(4), 783–796. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-014-9621-1

Le, H., Nguyen, T., Ngo, C., Pham, T., & Le, T. (2020). Policy related factors affecting the survival and development of SMEs in the context of Covid-19 pandemic. Management Science Letters, 10(15), 3683–3692. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.6.025

Maliszewska, M., Mattoo, A., & Van Der Mensbrugghe, D. (2020). The potential impact of COVID-19 on GDP and trade: A preliminary assessment. The World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-9211

Mongin, P. (1997). Expected utility theory. In J. Davis, W. Hands, & U. Maki (Eds.), Handbook of economic methodology (pp. 342–350). Edward Elgar.

Myers, S. C. (1984). Capital structure puzzle. NBER Working Paper #1393. National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w1393 and https://doi.org/10.2307/2327916

Nguyen. (2020). Vietnam’s GDP growth slows in first quarter as virus hits. Bloomberg. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-27/vietnam-s-gdp-growth-slows-in-first-quarter-amid-virus-spread#xj4y7vzkg

Nguyen, H. T., Nguyen, H. M., Troege, M., & Nguyen, A. T. (2020). Debt aversion, education, and credit self-rationing in SMEs. Small Business Economics, 1–19.

OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development). (2020). Coronavirus (COVID-19): SME policy responses. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/coronavirus-covid-19-sme-policy-responses-04440101/#blocknotes-d7e3559.

Rogers, R. W. (1975). A protection motivation theory of fear appeals and attitude change. The Journal of Psychology, 91(1), 93–114. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1975.9915803

Rolison, J. J., & Hanoch, Y. (2015). Knowledge and risk perceptions of the Ebola virus in the United States. Preventive Medicine Reports, 2, 262–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.04.005

Rosenstock, I. M. (1974). Historical origins of the health belief model. Health Education Monographs, 2(4), 328–335. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019817400200403

Runyan, R. C. (2006). Small business in the face of crisis: Identifying barriers to recovery from a natural disaster. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 14(1), 12–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5973.2006.00477.x

Rwigema, H., & Karungu, P. (1999). SMME development in Johannesburg’s southern metropolitan local council: An assessment. Development Southern Africa, 16(1), 107–124. https://doi.org/10.1080/03768359908440064

Sharma, S., & Tarp, F. (2018). Does managerial personality matter? Evidence from firms in Vietnam. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 150(June), 432–445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2018.02.003

Simon, H. A. (1997). Models of bounded rationality: Empirically grounded economic reason (vol. 3). MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/4711.001.0001

Truong, Q.-T., Nguyen, D.-N., Tran, Q.-N., & Al-Mohamad, S. (2020). COVID-19 in Vietnam: What happened in the stock market? SSRN 3633754. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3633754

Watkins, R. E., Cooke, F. C., Donovan, R. J., MacIntyre, C. R., Itzwerth, R., & Plant, A. J. (2007). Influenza pandemic preparedness: Motivation for protection among small and medium businesses in Australia. BMC Public Health, 7(1), 157. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-7-157

World Bank. (2020). Global economic prospects. (Report No. 2020/209/EFI). Washington, DC.

Zubair, S., Kabir, R., & Huang, X. (2020). Does the financial crisis change the effect of financing on investment? Evidence from private SMEs. Journal of Business Research, 110, 456–463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.01.063