Surface Modification Of Gentamicin-Loaded Polylactic Acid (PLA) Microsphere Using Double Emulsion And Solvent Evaporation: Effect On Protein Adsorption And Drug Release Behaviour
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) microsphere as a drug carrier has been extensively
investigated for drug delivery systems. However, due to its limitation of surface hydrophobicity, surface modifications have been studied to improve its utilisation in tissue engineering applications. In the present study, PLA microsphere loaded with gentamicin (GENMS) was modified to enhance its hydrophilicity by surface treatment with additional of ethanol. Ethanol was applied as a co-treating medium in alkaline hydrolysis of NaOH to assist the hydroxide nucleophilic attack on the ester bond of PLA. Alkaline concentrations of NaOH and NaOH/ethanol was set at 0.15 M, 0.25M and 0.35 M. After surface treatment, hydrophilicity of GENMS surface were improved significantly whereby contact angle was reduced for about 23.1% and 26.8% for modification using NaOH and NaOH/ethanol, respectively, compared with the neat GENMS. Obvious surface roughness
presented by NaOH/ethanol modification improved hydrophilicity of GENMS. As a result, protein adsorption on the GENMS surface treated by NaOH/ethanol were reduced than NaOH modification. Moreover, the highest encapsulation efficiency by NaOH/ethanol modification provided an advantage of co-treating by ethanol and has a greater drug release compared with NaOH modification.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Shah, R. et al. (2014). Optimisation and stability assessment of solid lipid
nanoparticles using particle size and zeta potential. J. Phys. Sci., 25(1), 59–75.
Son, J. S. et al. (2011). Porous hydroxyapatite scaffold with three-dimensional
localized drug delivery system using biodegradable microspheres. J. Contr. Rel.,
(2), 133–140, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.03.010.
Ramazani, F. et al. (2016). Strategies for encapsulation of small hydrophilic
and amphiphilic drugs in PLGA microspheres: State-of-the-art and challenges.
Int. J. Pharm., 499(1–2), 358–367, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.01.020.
Shi, X. et al. (2011). Hydrolysis and biomineralization of porous PLA
microspheres and their influence on cell growth. Coll. Surf. B Biointerf., 85(1),
–80, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.11.016.
Huang, W. et al. (2014). Microsphere based scaffolds for bone regenerative
applications. Biomater. Sci., 2(9), 1145–1153, https://doi.org/10.1039/C4BM00161C.
Dorati, R. et al. (2017). Biodegradable scaffolds for bone regeneration combined
with drug-delivery systems in osteomyelitis therapy. Pharm., 10(4), https://doi.org/10.3390/ph10040096.
Li, H. et al. (2013). 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (3)-loaded PLA microspheres:
In vitro characterization and application in diabetic periodontitis models. AAPS
PharmSciTech., 14(2), 880–889, https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-013-9978-5.
Da Silva, D. et al. (2018). Biocompatibility, biodegradation and excretion of
polylactic acid (PLA) in medical implants and theranostic systems. Chem. Eng.
J., 340, 9–14, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.01.010.
Vogler, E. A. (2012). Protein adsorption in three dimensions. Biomater., 33(5),
–1237, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.10.059.
Ghorbanpour, M. (2016). Amine accessibility and chemical stability of
Silver SPR Chips silanised with APTES via vapour phase deposition method.J. Phys. Sci., 27(1), 39–51.
Hosseini, S. et al. (2014). Recent advances in surface functionalization techniques
on polymethacrylate materials for optical biosensor applications. Anal., 139(12),
–2943, https://doi.org/10.1039/c3an01789c.
Araujo, J. V. et al. (2008). Surface controlled biomimetic coating of
polycaprolactone nanofiber meshes to be used as bone extracellular matrix
analogues. J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed., 19(10), 1261–78, https://doi.org/10.1163/156856208786052335.
Yang, J. et al. (2003). Enhancing the cell affinity of macroporous poly(L-lactide)
cell scaffold by a convenient surface modification method. Polym. Int., 52(12),
–1899, https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.1272.
Marchand-Brynaert, J. et al. (1995). Surface functionalization of poly(ethylene
terephthalate) film and membrane by controlled wet chemistry: Chemical
characterization of carboxylated surfaces. J. Coll. Interf. Sci., 173(1), 236–244,
https://doi.org/10.1006/jcis.1995.1319.
Swamy, N. G. N., Abbas, Z. & Praveen, B. (2013). Fabrication and in vitro
evaluation of doxycycline loaded chitosan microspheres for the treatment of
periodontitis. J. Pharm. Sci., 3(2), 26–32.
Rafigh, S. M. et al. (2016). Protein adsorption using novel carboxymethyl-curdlan
micropheres. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 87, 603–610, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.03.008.
Hurwitz, G. et al. (2010). Probing polyamide membrane surface charge, zeta
potential, wettability, and hydrophilicity with contact angle measurements.
J. Membr. Sci., 349(1–2), 349–357, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2009.11.063.
Marquetti, I. & Desai, S. (2018). Molecular modeling the adsorption behavior
of bone morphogenetic protein-2 on hydrophobic and hydrophilic substrates.
Chem. Phys. Lett., 706, 285–294, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2018.06.015.
Naraharisetti, P. K. et al. (2005). Gentamicin-loaded discs and microspheres and
their modifications: Characterization and in vitro release. J. Contr. Rel., 102(2),
–359, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.10.016.
Elsawy, M. A. et al. (2017). Hydrolytic degradation of polylactic acid (PLA)
and its composites. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 79, 1346–1352, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.143.
Sendil, D., Gursel, I. & Wise, D. L. (1999). Antibiotic release from biodegradable
PHBV microparticles. J. Contr. Rel., 59, 207–217, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-3659(98)00195-3.
Leach, W. T. et al. (2005). Encapsulation of protein nanoparticles into uniform-
sized microspheres formed in a spinning oil film. AAPS PharmSciTech, 6(4),
E605–E617, https://doi.org/10.1208/pt060475.
Ma, Z. et al. (2002). Immobilization of natural macromolecules on poly-
L-lactic acid membrane surface in order to improve its cytocompatibility.
J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 63(6), 838–847, https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.10470.
Huang, X. & Brazel, C. S. (2001). On the importance and mechanisms of burst
release in matrix-controlled drug delivery systems. J. Contr. Rel., 73(2–3), 121–
, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-3659(01)00248-6.
El-Say, K. M. (2016). Maximizing the encapsulation efficiency and the
bioavailability of controlled-release cetirizine microspheres using Draper-Lin small
composite design. Drug Des. Devel. Ther., 10, 825–839, https://doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S101900.