Effect Of Carbon Nanotubes As Thermal Interface Materials On Thermal Conductivity Using Electrophoretic Deposition
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Thermal interface materials (TIM) involve heat removal from electronic
devices. It is used to remove heat sink from the heat sources to prolong the operation system of a device. It normally replaces the thermally insulated air between the two surfaces and uses it as a secondary thermal conductive material. The current thermal conductivity of TIM is considered to be a limitation for the development of advance electronic devices. In this study, the performance of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) which were used as TIM was
investigated by using electrophoretic deposition method. The deposition of CNTs was varied from one to six layers and the performance of deposition was evaluated. The stable suspension of CNTs in DMF with zeta potential reading of –35.87 mV give rise to a smooth and uniform deposition on nickel plated copper substrate (heat spreader) with the usage of
electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Maximum layers of CNTs deposition were obtained at six layers with 56.95 μm of deposition thickness and 11.0 mg of deposition weight. Thermal conductivity was measured using a thermal analyser while the thickness of deposition was observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The employment of CNTs improved the heat removal of TIM with thermal conductivity reading of 27.08 W m–1 K–1. Optimisation studies revealed that EPD operated at an applied voltage of 175 V coupled with 10 min deposition time produced a single layer deposition with the thickness of 14.14 μm.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Al Mamun, A. et al. (2015). A shift-share analysis of electrical and electronic
products: An overview and assessment of export growth of Malaysia. Asian Soc.
Sci., 11(10), 330–338, https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v11n10p330.
Anandan, S. S. & Ramalingam, V. (2008). Thermal management of electronics:
A review of literature. Therm. Sci., 12(2), 5–25, https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI0802005A.
Murshed, S. M. S. (2016). Introductory chapter: Electronics coolings – An
overview. Beijing: InTech China.
Marconnet, A. M., Panzer, M. A. & Goodson, K. E. (2013). Thermal conduction
phenomena in carbon nanotubes and related nanostructured materials. Rev. Mod.
Phys., 85(3), 1295, https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.85.1295.
Shtein, M. et al. (2015). Thermally-conductive graphene polymer composite: Size,
percolation and synergy effects. Chem. Mater., 27(6), 2100–2106, https://doi.org/10.1021/cm504550e.
Shahil, K. M. F. & Balandin, A. A. (2012). Graphene-multilayer graphene
nanocomposite as highly efficient thermal interface materials. Nanolett., 12,
–867, https://doi.org/10.1021/nl203906r.
Dickerson, J. H. & Boccacini, A. R. (2012). Electrophoretic deposition of
nanomaterials. New York: Springer, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9730-2.
Kwon, S. Y. et al. (2013). A large increase in the thermal conductivity of carbon
nanotube/polymer composites produced by percolation phenomena. Carbon, 55,
–290, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2012.12.063.
Shoparwe, N. F. et al. (2018). Fabrication, characterisation and electrochemical
properties of heterogenous multiwalled carbon nanotubes cation exchange
membranes (MWCNT-CEMs). J. Phys. Sci., 29(Supp.1), 41–48, https://doi.org/10.21315/jps2018.29.s1.6.
Yeoh, W.-M. et al. (2009). Synthesis of high purity multi-walled carbon
nanotubes over Co-Mo/MgO catalyst by the catalytic chemical vapor deposition
of methane. New Carbon Mater., 24(2), 119–123, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-5805(08)60041-4.
Qiu, L. et al. (2016). Remarkably enhanced thermal transport based on a
flexible horizontally-aligned carbon nanotube array film. Scient. Rep., 6, 1–14,
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep21014.
Besra, L. & Liu, M. (2007). A review on fundamentals and applications of
electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Prog. Mater. Sci., 52, 1–61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2006.07.001.
Rad, M. F. et al. (2017). Electrophoretic deposition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan-
CNTs nanocomposite coatings. Ceram. Int., 43, 4663–4669, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.12.139.
Benko, A. et al. (2017). Diluent changes the physicochemical and electrochemical
properties of the electrophoretically-deposited layers of carbon nanotubes.
Appl. Surf. Sci., 403, 206–217, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.01.146.
Yeoh, W. M. et al. (2012). Production of carbon nanotubes from chemical vapor
deposition of methane in a continuous rotary reactor system. Chem. Eng. Commun.,
, 600–607, https://doi.org/10.1080/00986445.2011.604812.
Sarkar, A. (2013). Electrophoretic deposition of carbon nanotubes on silicon
substrates. PhD diss., Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College.
Yee, K. F. et al. (2016) Functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes as
heterogenous Lewis acid catalyst in the etherification reaction of tert-butyl alcohol
and ethanol. Chem. Eng. Commun., 203, 1385–1394, https://doi.org/10.1080/00986445.2016.1198334.
Morsy, M. et al. (2014). Preparation, purification and characterization of high
purity multi-wall carbon nanotube. Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectr., 132,
–598, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2014.04.122.
Karousis, N., Tagmatarchis, N. & Dimitrios, T. (2010). Current progress on the
chemical modification of carbon nanotubes. Chem. Rev., 110(9), 5366–5397,
https://doi.org/10.1021/cr100018g.
Anton, V. A. et al. (2015). An analytical model of multi-particle electric double-
layer interaction between identical spherical colloid nanoparticles. SPIE, 9519.
Moore, A. L. & Shi, L. (2014). Emerging challenges and materials for thermal
management of electronics. Mater. Today, 17, 163–174, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2014.04.003.