Ketakutan Terhadap Jenayah dalam Kalangan Pelajar Universiti di Malaysia: Analisis Terhadap Faktor Penyumbang
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Abstract
Ketakutan terhadap jenayah yang muncul menjadi isu yang membimbangkan dan dianggap masalah sosial kerana ia memberikan kesan yang negatif kepada kesejahteraan mental dan fizikal seseorang individu. Walaupun topik ini mendapat perhatian daripada penyelidik-penyelidik Barat sejak tahun 1960-an, namun masih tidak banyak kajian tentang ketakutan terhadap jenayah yang dijalankan di Malaysia. Tambahan pula, corak statistik jenayah di Malaysia yang tidak stabil dan persepsi rakyat Malaysia bahawa indeks jenayah semakin meningkat pada saban hari menjadikan isu ini wajar untuk dikaji. Oleh itu, objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor penyumbang ketakutan terhadap jenayah dengan mengkaji faktor jantina, kawasan tempat tinggal dan sejarah menjadi mangsa jenayah terhadap tahap ketakutan, tahap keselamatan, persepsi risiko menjadi mangsa dan tingkah laku berjaga-jaga. Kajian ini dijalankan di beberapa universiti di Malaysia dengan menggunakan kaedah tinjauan melalui borang soal selidik yang diadaptasi daripada Fear of Crime in America Survey terhadap 303 orang pelajar universiti prasiswazah berwarganegara Malaysia. Hasil kajian ini mendapati bahawa pelajar perempuan mempunyai tahap ketakutan yang lebih tinggi dan kerap mengamalkan tingkah laku berjaga-jaga berbanding pelajar lelaki. Pelajar dari bandar dan luar bandar mempunyai tahap ketakutan, tahap keselamatan, dan persepsi risiko menjadi mangsa yang hampir sama, namun, pelajar dari bandar lebih banyak mengamalkan tingkah laku berjaga-jaga berbanding pelajar dari luar bandar. Kajian ini juga mendapati bahawa tiada perbezaan tahap ketakutan, tahap keselamatan dan persepsi risiko antara pelajar yang pernah menjadi mangsa dengan tidak pernah langsung menjadi mangsa. Hasil kajian ini telah memberikan idea untuk mengkaji isu ketakutan terhadap jenayah di Malaysia dengan lebih mendalam dan dari pelbagai aspek pada masa akan datang.
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