Islam dan Perubahan Sosial dalam Masyarakat Rungus di Matunggong, Sabah
Main Article Content
Abstract
The Rungus community is one of the sub-ethnic groups belonging to the Dusunic family, which is among the indigenous ethnic groups of Sabah. The majority of these people inhabit the Kudat division of Sabah, covering the districts of Kota Marudu, Pitas, Matunggong, Banggi and Kudat. Initially, the Rungus community adhered to animism and began to accept Christianity after the arrival of British colonialists in Sabah in the 19th century. Islam only began to be accepted by a small part of the Rungus community in the 1970s after the United Sabah Islamic Association (USIA) conducted a mass conversion programme in their settlement area. Thus, this article aims to explain the history of the Islamisation of the Rungus community to shape social change in Matunggong, Sabah. This article is guided by historical research based on a qualitative study focusing on interview methods and content analysis. The findings explain the Islamisation and social change of the Rungus community through three phases: the history of Islamic acceptance among some Rungus individuals, the establishment of religious institutions and the formation of a new Muslim community in Matunggong district. This study contributes to increasing the understanding of the development of Islam in the Rungus community. This needs to be highlighted to understand how religion affects the social change of minority communities in the interior of Sabah.
Masyarakat Rungus merupakan antara subetnik yang tergolong dalam keluarga Dusun iaitu antara etnik peribumi Sabah yang majoritinya mendiami bahagian Kudat di negeri Sabah, meliputi daerah Kota Marudu, Pitas, Matunggong, Banggi dan Kudat. Pada awalnya, masyarakat Rungus berpegang dengan kepercayaan animisme dan mula menerima agama Kristian setelah kedatangan penjajah British ke Sabah pada abad ke-19. Agama Islam hanya mula diterima oleh sebahagian kecil masyarakat Rungus pada tahun 1970-an setelah program pengislaman beramai-ramai dijalankan oleh United Sabah Islamic Association (USIA) di kawasan penempatan mereka. Justeru, makalah ini bertujuan menjelaskan sejarah pengislaman masyarakat Rungus sehingga mencorakkan perubahan sosial di Matunggong, Sabah. Makalah ini berpandukan penyelidikan sejarah yang bersandarkan pada kajian kualitatif dengan memfokuskan pada kaedah temu bual dan analisis kandungan. Dapatan kajian menjelaskan pengislaman dan perubahan sosial masyarakat Rungus melalui tiga fasa iaitu sejarah penerimaan Islam dalam kalangan beberapa individu Rungus, penubuhan institusi keagamaan dan pembentukan komuniti saudara baharu di daerah Matunggong. Kajian ini memberi sumbangan dalam meningkatkan kefahaman tentang perkembangan Islam dalam masyarakat Rungus dan hal ini perlu diketengahkan bagi memahami peranan agama yang memberi kesan terhadap perubahan sosial masyarakat minoriti di pedalaman Sabah.
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Al-Attas, S.M.N. 2018. Preliminary statement on a general theory of the Islamization of the Malay-Indonesian archipelago. Kuala Lumpur: Ta’dib International.
Appell, G.N. 1985. Land tenure and development among the Rungus of Sabah, Malaysia. In Modernization and the emergence of a landless pesantry: Essays on the integration of peripheries to socioeconomic centers, ed. G.N. Appell, 110–155. Virginia: Department of Anthrophology, College of William and Mary.
. 1986. Social anthropological research among the Rungus Dusun: A talk for the Sabah Society. Sabah Society Journal 8: 194–209.
Assimeng, M. 2010. Religion and social change in West Africa: An introduction to the sociology of religion. 2nd ed. Accra: Woeli Publishing Services.
Bainol, L. 2018. Strategi Kristianisasi di daerah Kota Marudu, 1985–1994. Jurnal Borneo Arkhailogia 3(2): 185–199. https://doi.org/10.51200/jba.v3i2.1628
Bellah, R.N. 1964. Religious evolution. American Sociological Review 29(3): 358–374. https://doi.org/10.2307/2091480
Boty, M. 2016. Agama dan perubahan sosial (tinjauan perspektif sosiologi agama). Istinbath 15(1): 35–50.
Caesar, A.M. 1973. Muslim in the Philippines. Quezon City: The University of the Philippines Press.
Drucker, P.F. 1987. Social innovation—Management’s new dimension’. Long Range Planning 20(6): 29–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-6301(87)90129-4
Fatimi, S.Q. 1963. Islam comes to Malaysia. Singapore: Malaysian Sociological Research Institute.
Forschner, T.A. 1994. Hoturan di boros Momogun (Rungus): Outline of a Momogun grammar (Rungus dialect). Sabah, Malaysia: Sikuk Publication.
Greenwood, J. and N. Guner. 2008. Social change. Discussion paper no. 3485. Bonn, Germany: The Institute for the Study of Labor. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1136286
Guenther, K.M. 2014. Bounded by disbelief: How atheists in the United States differentiate themselves from religious believers. Journal of Contemporary Religion 29(1): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/13537903.2014.864795
Harrisson, T. and B. Harrisson. 1971. The pre-history of Sabah. Kota Kinabalu: Sabah Society.
Hasaruddin, H., S. Mania and M. Anis. 2018. Islamization in Sinjai in the 17th century: The arrival of Islam and social change. Al-Shajarah: Journal of the International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC) 23(2): 339–362.
Healy, K. 1998. Social change: Mechanisms and metaphors. Princeton: Department of Sociology, Princeton University.
Hill, R.D. and V.M. Shin. 1990. Occupational and spatial, mobility in an overseas Chinese agricultural community: The Hakkas of Kudat, Sabah, Malaysia. Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia 5(2): 194–218. https://doi.org/10.1355/SJ5-2B
Huebner, J. 2005. A possible declining trend for worldwide innovation. Technology Forecasting and Social Change 72(8): 980–986. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2005.01.003
Ismail Yusoff. 2004. Politik dan agama di Sabah. Bangi: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Jabatan Perangkaan Sabah, Malaysia. 2015. Buku tahunan perangkaan Sabah 2014: Sabah statistics yearbook 2014. Kota Kinabalu, Sabah: Jabatan Perangkaan Sabah.
Jawdat Sa’id. 1993. Hatta Yughayyiru Ma bi-Anfusihim. Ras Al-Khaimah: Dar Al-Fikr Al-Mouaser.
Jeubirin, S. 2000. Bobolizan: Peranan dan kepentingannya dalam masyarakat Rungus tradisional. Kota Kinabalu: Universiti Malaysia Sabah.
JHEAINS (Jabatan Hal Ehwal Agama Islam Negeri Sabah). 2019. Laporan aktiviti JHEAINS. https://jheains.sabah.gov.my/galeri-foto (accessed 13 March 2020).
Kavanagh, D., G. Lightfoot and S. Lilley. 2021. Are we living in a time of particularly rapid social change? And how might we know? Technological Forecasting and Social Change 169: 120856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120856
Low, K.O. and M. Raymond. 2014. Bbahul dan hubungannya dengan kepercayaan Bbiruhui etnik Rungus di Sabah. Kemanusiaan 21(1): 73–102.
Luhmann, N. 1977. Differentiation of society. The Canadian Journal of Sociology 2(1): 29–53. https://doi.org/10.2307/3340510
Masandu, M. 1977. Koluturanan dit Gorija Protestant Sid Sabah. In PCS Silver Jubilee Souvenir 1952–1977. Kudat: Protestant Church in Sabah.
Mat Zin M.K. 2003. Kristian di Sabah 1881–1994. Selangor: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Mohamad Kamil Ab. Majid. 1998. Pemikiran Islam tentang konsep perubahan sosial Islam. Jurnal Usuluddin 7: 1–32.
Mohammad Kamil Abd Majid and Rahimin Afandi Abd Rahim. 2009. Perubahan sosial dan impaknya terhadap pembentukan modal insan menurut Ibn Khaldun. Jurnal Hadhari 1(1): 45–76.
Mohd Nur Hidayat Hasbollah Hajimin, Abang Mohd. Razif Abang Muis, Saifulazry Mokhtar, Irma Wani Othman, Mohd Sohaimi Esa, Romzi Ationg and Jais Abdul Hamid. 2021. Gerakan dakwah dan impaknya terhadap peningkatan komposisi Muslim di Sabah. International Journal of Law, Government and Communication 6(23): 125–139. https://doi.org/10.35631/IJLGC.623009
Moore, W.E. 1976. The concept of social change: A critique of the functionalist theory of social change. American Journal of Sociology 81(5): 1216–1218. https://doi.org/10.1086/226201
Muhiddin Yussin. 1990. Islam di Sabah. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Nisbet, R.A. 1973. Social change. New York: Harper & Row.
Nottingham, E.K. 1954. Religion and society. New York: Random Haouse.
Ogburn, W.F. and S.C. Gilfillan. 1933. The influence of invention and discovery in US President’s Research Committee on social trends. In Recent social trends in the United States, ed. W.C. Mitchell, 122–166. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Pargament, K.I. and A. Mahoney. 2005. Theory: Sacred matters: Sanctification as a vital topic for the psychology of religion. International Journal of Phytoremediation 15(3): 179–198. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327582ijpr1503_1
Parsons, L.M.1967. The Catholic Church in Borneo. Sabah Society Journal 3(3): 137. Pejabat Daerah Kecil Matunggong. n.d. Latar belakang daerah. https://pdmtg.sabah.gov.my/index.php/profil-daerah/latar-belakang-daerah (accessed 20 March 2020).
Porodong, P. 1997. Kemiskinan dalam kalangan masyarakat Rungus di Kudat, Sabah. PhD diss., Universiti Malaya.
. 2001. Bobolizan, forests and gender relations in Sabah, Malaysia. Gender Technology and Development 5(1): 63–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/09718524.2001.11909986
Puetz, K. 2015. Consumer culture, taste preferences, and social network formation.
Sociology Compass 9(6): 438–449. https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12265
Raymond, M. 2013. Adat resam dan pantang larang suku Rungus. In Adat resam dan pantang larang suku kaum di Sabah. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
. 2015. Rungus: Peribumi Momogun Sabah. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Richard, Y. 1999. Sejarah Gereja Sidang Injil Borneo. Kuala Lumpur: Nipuhawang Publishing.
Rooney, J. 1981. Good news: A history of the Catholic church in East Malaysia and Brunei 1880–1976. PhD diss., SOAS University of London. https://doi.org/10.25501/SOAS.00033712
Schafer, M.H. 2018. Who talks religion and what are the consequences for social ties? Unpacking a sensitive discussion topic in close networks. Sociology of Religion: A Quarterly Review 74(4): 395–424. https://doi.org/10.1093/socrel/srx069
Smith-Hefner, N.J. 2019. Islam, youth, and social change. In Islamizing intimacies: Youth, sexuality, and gender in contemporary Indonesia, 20–39. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv7r43bt.5
Suraya Sintang. 2003. Penganutan agama Islam dan Kristian dalam kalangan masyarakat Kadazandusun di Sabah. Jurnal Usuluddin 18: 59–80.
. 2005. Sejarah perkembangan mualaf di Sabah, peranan dan sumbangan USIA (United Sabah Islamic Association). Journal of Al-Tamaddun 1(1): 51–90. https://doi.org/10.22452/JAT.vol1no1.3
Swanson, G.E. 1971. Social change. Illinois: Glenview.
Tregoning, K.G. 1965. A history of modern Sabah (North Borneo 1881–1963). Kuala Lumpur: University Malaya Press.
Wedel, M. 2020. Social change and innovation for times of crises. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research 33(3): 277–279. https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2020.1789313
Yahaya Ismail. 1986. Politik Islam di Sabah. Kuala Lumpur: Dinamika Kreatif.
Zakiah Hj. Muhammad. 1991. Sejarah perkembangan dakwah agama Islam di Sabah. Latihan ilmiah (unpublished). Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.