Analysis of The Visual Similarities and Differences Between The Character of Hikayat Seri Rama (Malaysia) and Ramakien (Thailand) Called Hanuman for The Creation of Digital Artworks

Abstract

Hanuman's portrayal in Hikayat Seri Rama and Ramakien extends beyond physical characteristics to include symbolic meaning and narrative significance. This research systematically examines the visual similarities and differences between Hanuman in these two epics. The methodology follows a five-step process adapted from Newbold (2015) to analyze digital representations of Southeast Asian folklore characters. Four images of Hanuman’s shadow puppet were selected for detailed visual analysis. The study identifies three primary comparative dimensions: visual appearance, lines and shapes, and the color and symbolic elements of costumes. In Ramakien, Hanuman is depicted with white fur, elaborate golden armor, and a crown, symbolizing purity, strength, and heroism in Thai culture. In contrast, Hikayat Seri Rama presents Hanuman in simpler attire, emphasizing cunning and agility, and reflecting Malay artistic conventions as well as Islamic and local cultural influences. This analysis highlights the distinctiveness and interconnectedness of Southeast Asian folklore and demonstrates an approach for integrating traditional narratives into digital media, thereby fostering regional cultural expression through folktales.