Geriatric Patients’ Experiences with Dietary Patterns and Medication Behaviours in Type 2 Diabetes: A Qualitative Exploration
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Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in geriatric patients requires effective self-management, particularly regarding dietary habits and medication behaviour, to achieve optimal blood sugar control. This study aimed to examine the self-management practices of older adults with T2DM, focusing on their dietary habits and medication use behaviour.
Methods: This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews involving geriatric patients with T2DM recruited from the Department of Endocrinology at a secondary referral teaching hospital. Data were thematically analysed using a predefined interview framework.
Results: The findings indicated that most geriatric patients with T2DM could adopt healthy eating patterns, such as reducing rice portions, substituting carbohydrates with alternative sources and increasing the consumption of vegetables and low-fat proteins. Strategies to control restricted food intake included self-reminders, avoiding visual exposure and spiritual approaches. Regarding medication behaviour, non-adherence was identified due to forgetfulness, medication burden and the use of non-prescription drugs, such as herbal medicines. These findings emphasise the importance of continuous patient education and social support to promote independent diabetes self-management among older adults.
Conclusion: This study revealed that geriatric patients with T2DM adopted various strategies for managing their diet and medication behaviour, including portion control, healthy food selection, spiritual approaches and the use of herbal products. Most of the participants showed awareness and adaptability in pursuing a healthy lifestyle. However, persistent challenges were identified, such as ingrained habits, forgetfulness in medication adherence and feeling a medication burden. Continuous educational and social support is essential to enhance the effectiveness of self-management in the holistic care of older adults with diabetes.
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