Interpreting and Creating Korean Memes: A Qualitative Case Study on Digital Literacy and Intercultural Competence among KFL Learners

Abstract

The rise of digital communication has reshaped language learning, with internet memes emerging as a compelling
medium for linguistic and cultural engagement. Far beyond humorous images, memes are multimodal texts that
convey layered meanings and reflect contemporary social discourse. This study explores how memes function as both
resources and challenges for intermediate Korean language learners: on one hand, memes provide exposure to
colloquial expressions, slang, and cultural references from digital spaces such as social media applications, K-pop
fandoms and other online communities, while on the other hand, their visual complexity and culturally specific
content can hinder comprehension, revealing gaps in learners’ sociocultural awareness. Using a qualitative case
study design, this research analyzes learners’ interactions with Korean memes, mostly their interpretation,
discussion, and creation. This research investigates how university Korean language learners engage their
social/digital media usage with their linguistic development and intercultural competence. The study highlights the
need for deeper empirical inquiry into how learners process and respond to meme-based content, suggesting that
memes hold valuable pedagogical potential when integrated thoughtfully into language education.
Keywords: Korean language learning, internet memes, intercultural competence, digital literacy, language
acquisition