Drivers for Implementing Green Building Concept to Vertical Housing Construction in Indonesia Based on Stakeholders’ Perspective
Main Article Content
Abstract
The Indonesian government encourages vertical housing development to meet housing needs, especially in urban areas. It is a national programme that steadily increases in number and affects the environment. Hence, the development of sustainable principles needs to be carried out. However, implementing a green building concept to vertical housing construction in Indonesia is not mandatory, is relatively more expensive than conventional projects and can negatively affect the environment. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the drivers for implementing the green building concept in vertical housing in Indonesia. A mixed-method approach was selected. Based on literature studies, an open questionnaire was distributed to 76 respondents from the green community, including regulators (government), architects, engineers and academics. To analyse the data, content analysis, distribution analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used. The result showed that “Saving” (34.6%), “Generating a positive environmental impact” (26.9%), “Improving the quality of residents’ lives” (19.2%), “Optimising building performance” (10%) and “Mitigating carbon emissions” (9.2%) were the drivers for implementing green building concept from the respondents. The details of this concept that needed to be implemented included site management, energy efficiency and conservation, wastewater management, waste management, water efficiency and conservation, material sources and cycles, continued green efforts, and indoor health and comfort. This research offers insight for policymakers and practitioners navigating sustainable development in vertical housing construction in Indonesia.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Afolabi, A., Akinbo, F. and Akinola, A. (2019). Vertical architecture construction: Prospects and barriers in solving Lagos’ housing deficit. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1378(4): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1378/4/042032
Ahn, Y.H., Pearce, A.R., Wang, Y. and Wang, G. (2013). Drivers and barriers of sustainable design and construction: The perception of green building experience. International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology and Urban Development. https://doi.org/10.1080/2093761X.2012.759887
Andelin, M., Sarasoja, A.-L., Ventovuori, T. and Junnila, S. (2015). Breaking the circle of blame for sustainable buildings: Evidence from Nordic countries. Journal of Corporate Real Estate, 17: 26–45. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCRE-05-2014-0013
Arif, M., Egbu, C., Haleem, A., Ebohon, J. and Khalfan, M.M. (2009). Green construction in India: Gaining a deeper understanding. Journal of Architectural Engineering, 15: 10–13. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1076-0431(2009)15:1(10)
Assylbekov, D., Nadeem, A., Hossain, M.A., Akhanova, G. and Khalfan, M. (2021). Factors influencing green building development in Kazakhstan. Buildings, 11(12): 634. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings11120634
Bassas, E.C., Patterson, J. and Jones, P. (2020). A review of the evolution of green residential architecture. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 125: 109796.
Berawi, M.A., Miraj, P., Windrayani, R., Rohim, A., Berawi, B. and Berawi, M.A. (2019). Stakeholders’ perspectives on green building rating: A case study in Indonesia. Heliyon, 5(3): e01328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019
BPS - Statistics Indonesia (2021). Energy Balances of Indonesia 2016–2020. Jakarta: BPS - Statistics Indonesia.
Braulio-Gonzalo, M., Jorge-Ortiz, A. and Bovea, M.D. (2022). How are indicators in Green Building Rating Systems addressing sustainability dimensions and life cycle frameworks in residential buildings? Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 95: 106793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2022.106793
BRE Group (2022). BREEAM. Available at: https://bregroup.com/products/breeam [Accessed on 10 November 2022].
Chan, A.P.C., Darko, A., Olanipekun, A.O. and Ameyaw, E.E. (2018). Critical barriers to green building technologies adoption in developing countries: The case of Ghana. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172: 1067–1079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.235
Chan, E.H.W., Qian, Q.K. and Lam, P.T.I. (2009). The market for green building in developed Asian cities: The perspectives of building designers. Energy Policy, 37: 3061–3070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.03.057
Cole, R.J. (2011). Motivating stakeholders to deliver environmental change. Building Research and Information, 39(5): 431–435. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2011.599057
Creswell, J.W. (2018). Educational Research Planning, Conducting and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. 6th Ed. London: Pearson.
Creswell, J.W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Creswell, J.W. (2007). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing among Five Approaches. 2nd Ed. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Darko, A., Zhang, C. and Chan, P.C. (2017). Drivers for green building: A review of empirical studies. Habitat International, 60: 34–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2016.12.007
Deng, W., Yang, T., Tang, L. and Tang, Y.T. (2018). Barriers and policy recommendations for developing green buildings from local government perspective: A case study of Ningbo, China. Intelligent Buildings International, 10: 61–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/17508975.2016.1248342
Durdyev, S., Zavadskas, E.K., Thurnell, D., Banaitis, A. and Ihtiyar, A. (2018). Sustainable construction industry in Cambodia: Awareness, drivers and barriers. Sustainability, 10(2): 392. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10020392
Feige, A., Wallbaum, H. and Krank, S. (2011). Harnessing stakeholder motivation: Towards a Swiss sustainable building sector. Building Research and Information, 39: 504–517. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2011.589788
Feng, L., Yang, S., Zhou, Y. and Shuai, L. (2021). Exploring the effects of the spatial arrangement and leaf area density of trees on building wall temperature. Building and Environment, 205: 108295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108295
GBCI (Green Building Council Indonesia) (2023). Certified building in Indonesia. Available at: https://gbcindonesia.org/certbuilding [Accessed on 15 January 2024].
Generalova, E., Generalov, V., Potienko, N. and Generalova, E.M. (2016). Affordable Housing under Shaping Dense Vertical Urbanism. CTBUH 2016. Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, 650–659.
Gomez, C.P. and Yung, G.T.T. (2018). Housing industry readiness factors and indicators to implement green building development. International Journal of Sustainable Construction Engineering and Technology, 9: 44–57. https://doi.org/10.30880/ijscet.2018.09.01.004
Haapio, A. and Viitaniemi, P. (2008). A critical review of building environmental assessment tools. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 28: 469–482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2008.01.002
Huo, X. and Yu, A.T.W. (2017). Analytical review of green building development studies. Journal of Green Building, 12: 130–148. https://doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.12.2.130
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2022). Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Cambridge, UK/New York: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009325844
Judd, C.M., McClelland, G.H. and Ryan, C.S. (2017). Data Analysis. 3rd Ed. New York: Routledge.
Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat (2021a). Peraturan menteri PUPR no. 21 tahun 2021. Available at: https://jdih.pu.go.id/detail-dokumen/2881/1#div_cari_detail [Accessed on 15 January 2024].
Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat (2021b). Laporan Kinerja Direktorat Jenderal Perumahan Tahun 2021. Jakarta: Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat.
Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat (2020). Rencana Strategis Direktorat Rumah Susun Tahun 2020–2024. Jakarta: Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat.
Kim, K. H., Jeon, S.-S., Irakoze, A. and Son, K. (2020). A study of the green building benefits in apartment buildings according to real estate prices: Case of non-capital areas in South Korea. Sustainability, 12(6): 2206. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12062206
Lam, J.C., Yang, L. and Liu, J. (2006). Development of passive design zones in China using bioclimatic approach. Energy Conversation Management, 47: 746–762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2005.05.025
Larasati, D. (2018). Buku Ajar Arsitektur Hijau. Bandung, Indonesia: ITB Press.
Li, Y., Li, M., Sang, P., Chen, P.-H. and Li, C. (2022). Stakeholder studies of green buildings: A literature review. Journal of Building Engineering, 54: 104667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104667
Lin, P. and Qin, H. (2019). Energy Efficient Design Strategies for Affordable Housing. In A. Olanrewaju, Z. Shari and Z. Gou (eds.), Greening Affordable Housing: An Interactive Approach. Florida: CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, 167–189.
Mao, Y.H. and Yang, G.H. (2011). Sustainable development drivers for green buildings: Incremental costs-benefits analysis of green buildings. Advanced Materials Research, 374–377: 76–81. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.76
Olanipekun, A.O., Xia, B., Hon, C. and Hu, Y. (2017). Project owners’ motivation for delivering green building projects. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 143(9): 04017068. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001363
Qiao, W., Dong, P. and Ju, Y. (2022). Synergistic development of green building market under government guidance: A case study of Tianjin, China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 340: 130540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130540
Sharma, M. (2018). Development of a “Green Building Sustainability Model” for green buildings in India. Journal of Cleaner Production, 190: 538–551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.04.154
Sujatmiko, W., Yusniewati, Suhedi, F., Kusumawati, F., Rahmawati, Y. and Gumilar, R.P. (2020). Sistem Rating Bangunan Gedung Hijau. 2nd Ed. Bandung, Indonesia: Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat.
Todd, J.A., Crawley, D., Geissler, S. and Lindsey, G. (2001). Comparative assessment of environmental performance tools and the role of the Green Building Challenge. Building Research and Information 29: 324–335. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613210110064268
USGBC (United States Green Building Council) (2022a). LEED rating system. Available at: https://www.usgbc.org/leed [Accessed on 10 November 2022].
USGBC (United States Green Building Council). (2022b). LEED v4.1. Available at: https://www.usgbc.org/leed/rating-systems/residential [Accessed on 10 November 2022].
Vogt, P. (2005). Dictionary of Statistics and Methodology: A Nontechnical Guide for the Social Sciences. 3rd Ed. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications.
WGBC (World Green Building Council) (2022). What is a green building? Available at: https://www.worldgbc.org/what-green-building [Accessed on 19 October 2022].
WGBC (World Green Building Council). (2016). About green building: World green building council 2016–2022. Available at: https://www.worldgbc.org/what-green-building [Accessed on 19 October 2022].
Williams, S. and Bourland, D. (2010). Green affordable housing: Enterprise’s green communities initiative. In G. Kats (ed.), Greening Our Built World: Costs, Benefits and Strategies. Washington DC: Island Press, 40–45.
Windapo, A. (2014). Examination of green building drivers in the South African construction industry: Economics versus ecology. Sustainability, 6: 6088–6106. https://doi.org/10.3390/su6096088
Xiaoping, M., Huimin, L. and Qiming, L. (2009). A comparison study of mainstream sustainable/green building rating tools in the world. In 2009 International Conference on Management and Service Science. Piscataway, NJ: Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, Inc. (IEEE). https://doi.org/10.1109/icmss.2009.5303546
Yusuf, M.B. and Elghonaimoy, I.H. (2020). Housing dilemma and vertical dimensions. Civil Engineering and Architecture, 8: 1107–1118. https://doi.org/10.13189/cea.2020.080537
Zhang, L., Wu, J. and Liu, H. (2018). Policies to enhance the drivers of green housing development in China. Energy Policy, 121: 225–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENPOL.2018.06.029
Zulkepli, M., Sipan, I. and Jibril, J.D. (2017). An exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis for green affordable housing criteria instrument. International Journal of Real Estate Studies, 11: 9–21.
Zuo, J. and Zhao, Z.Y. (2014). Green building research-current status and future agenda: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 30: 271–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.10.021