Barriers to Digital Transformation in Facilities Management: Insights from a Developing Country
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Abstract
Digital transformation (DT) is increasingly recognised as essential for enhancing operational efficiency, sustainability and competitiveness in facilities management (FM). However, its adoption, particularly in developing countries, remains slow due to persistent barriers. This study adapted the technology-organisation-environment (TOE) framework to investigate the fundamental barriers hindering DT in the FM sector by drawing on insights through semi-structured interviews with senior executives in FM organisations. Notably, the analysis uncovered 14 major barriers, categorised into the technological, organisational, process, people and financial factors. These findings revealed significant gaps in areas like organisational preparedness, technological integration and skill development within FM, contributing to the sector’s slower progression in DT compared to other industries, such as healthcare and manufacturing. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on DT in FM by providing empirical evidence of the barriers specific to developing countries. It also deepens the understanding of the socio-technical challenges holding back DT in the sector. The findings highlight the urgent need for tailored strategies to help FM organisations overcome these obstacles, enabling FM stakeholders to enhance service delivery, drive operational efficiency and align with global digital trends.
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