Smart urban farming: A triangulation-based framework for the practices identification
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Abstract
The agriculture sector in Malaysia faces structural challenges that contribute to food insecurity due to uncertainties in farm ownership, labour shortages, low productivity, limited automation and heavy reliance on foreign labour. To address these issues, the Malaysian government promotes smart urban farming (SUF) techniques. However, the technique requires higher initial costs due to its advanced technology. Evaluating these technologies through life cycle cost (LCC) assessment is crucial for informed decision-making. However, the accuracy of LCC data remains a challenge, necessitating in-depth research to identify relevant cost components. This study emphasised the use of a triangulation method, namely a Delphi survey and a case study, to identify SUF practices concerning LCC phases. This approach is effective in achieving expert consensus in areas with limited studies. The process included multiple rounds of semi-structured interviews, starting with problem area identification and panel member selection, followed by iterative Delphi rounds to reach a consensus on SUF practices to identify LCC components and phases. Each round refined the questions based on expert feedback to reach a final consensus on critical components and practices. The case study method provided practical insights and real-world validation, enhancing the robustness of the findings. The methodology ensured a comprehensive, unbiased and expert-driven identification of LCC components, offering a robust framework for enhancing the effectiveness of SUF practices. The findings highlight the structured process involved in each method used, emphasising the importance of comprehensive and expert-driven approaches in developing sustainable and economically viable urban farming systems.
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