Evaluation of architectural design features of Melaka traditional Malay house with open interior space affecting its thermal performance
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Abstract
Rapid development has brought about various innovations in the construction technology for modern residential areas. However, the development has resulted in the creation of an urban heat island that has led to discomfort in living conditions. Modern architecture has replaced the design principles of traditional Malay houses (TMH). Some studies have demonstrated that modern architecture designs often lack the passive thermal advantages inherent in traditional architecture. Accordingly, this study evaluated the design features that affected the interior thermal performance of Melaka TMH by quantifying the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and comparing it with the physical inventory data. Fieldwork was conducted in two stages: (1) pre-measurement (physical inventory) and (2) non-invasive measurement (thermal data). Findings revealed that rumah tengah (middle house) recorded the highest HTC value at 14,362,526.42 W, whereas anįung (porch) displayed the lowest HTC value at 600.08 W; both utilising zinc roofing with a U-value of 164,286 W/m²°C. Key determinants of HTC were identified as the material properties and surface area, while factors such as floor area and elevation from ground level had no significant impact on HTC or interior thermal conditions. Additionally, surface area and materials used in openings facilitated the inward and outward transfer of heat, with roof height affecting warm air circulation within a space. These findings can contribute to scientific discussions on sustainable design practices and technological applications in modern residential architecture.
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