Perayaan Maulid Menurut Ibnu Taymiyyah dalam Iqtida' (The Maulid Festival According to Ibnu Taymiyyah in Iqtida')

Main Article Content

Mohd Farid Mohd Sharif

Abstract

This article discusses Ibnu Taymiyyah's treatment of the Maulid in Iqti??', a polemical treatise against Muslim participation in non-Muslim festivals. On the one hand, Ibnu Taymiyyah regarded the celebration of the Maulid as a reprehensible innovation because the Salaf did not observe the festival and no textual source exists condoning the practice. On the other hand, Ibnu Taymiyyah acknowledged the pious motives behind the celebration of the Maulid, motives that were misunderstood by Ukeles in his analysis of Muslims and their spiritual needs. Ibnu Taymiyyah nonetheless believed that the celebrants are not rewarded for participating in the innovated act itself and the original status of the Maulid is not altered despite the good intentions behind the celebration.


 


Makalah ini membincangkan pandangan Ibnu Taymiyyah tentang Maulid dalam Iqti??', sebuah karya yang menjadi polemik berhubung penyertaan orang Islam dalam perayaan-perayaan orang bukan Islam. Daripada satu sudut, Ibnu Taymiyyah berpendapat bahawa perayaan Maulid ialah amalan bidaah. Sambutan perayaan itu tidak diharuskan kerana golongan Salaf tidak menyambut perayaan itu dan tidak terdapat sumber tekstual yang mengharuskan amalan tersebut. Daripada sudut yang lain pula, Ibnu Taymiyyah juga menyebut tentang beberapa motif kebaikan di sebalik sambutan perayaan Maulid, namun telah disalahfahami oleh Ukeles melalui penelitiannya terhadap orang Islam dan keperluan-keperluan rohaniah mereka. Ibnu Taymiyyah tetap berpendapat bahawa orang yang menyambut perayaan Maulid tidak diberikan ganjaran kerana ia merupakan amalan bidaah dan status asal sambutan Maulid tidak berubah walaupun dikatakan terdapat tujuan yang murni di sebaliknya.

Article Details

How to Cite
Perayaan Maulid Menurut Ibnu Taymiyyah dalam Iqtida’ (The Maulid Festival According to Ibnu Taymiyyah in Iqtida’). (2017). KEMANUSIAAN The Asian Journal of Humanities, 24(1), 51–80. https://doi.org/10.21315/kajh2017.24.1.3
Section
Articles

References

Abdul Shukor Husin. 1998. Ahli Sunnah Waljamaah: Pemahaman semula. Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Ab? Sh?mah, 'Abd al-Ra?m?n. n.d. Al-B?'ith 'al? ink?r al-Bida' wa al-?aw?dith. '?dil 'Abd al-Mun'im Ab? al-'Abb?s. Cairo: Maktabat Ibn S?n?.

A?mad Far?d. 2003. Al-Sal?fiyyah: Qaw?'?d wa u??l. Cairo: D?r al-'Aq?dah.

Armstrong, K. 2014. Fields of blood: Religion and the history of violence. London: The Bodley Head.

Bensaid, B., Grine, F. and Mohd Roslan Mohd Nor. 2013. Understanding Muslim theology in the works of Shaykh Muhammad Ghazali. KEMANUSIAAN: The Asian Journal of Humanities 20(1): 33–50.

Boyce, M. 2001. Zoroastrians: Their religious beliefs and practices. London and New York: Routledge. Brockelmann, C. 1945–1947. Geschichte der Arabischen Literatur (GAL). Suppl., vol. 2, Leiden.

Al-B?t?, Mu?ammad Sa'?d Rama??n. 1988. Al-Salafiyyah: Mar?alah zam?niyyah mub?rakah la madhhab Isl?m?. Damascus: D?r al-Fikr.

Cragg, K. 1964. The Dome and the Rock: Jerusalem studies in Islam. London: S.P.C.K.

Al-Dhahab?, Shams al-D?n. 1928. Bay?n zaghal al-'Ilm wa al-?alab. Damascus: Ma?ba'at al-Tawf?q.

Dien, M.I. 2004. Islamic law: From historical foundations to contemporary practice. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.

Al-Faruqi, Ismail Raji. 1992. Al-Taw??d: Its implications for thought and life. Herndon: The International Institute of Islamic Thought.

Grunebaum, G.E.V. 1976. Muhammadan festivals. London: Curzon-Rowman.

Hale, R.D. 2010. Understanding Christianity: Origin beliefs, practices, holy texts and sacred places. London: Duncan Baird Publishers.

Hillenbrand, C. 2000. The crusades: Islamic perspectives. New York: Routledge.

Hillenbrand, R. 2012. The Dome of the Rock: From medieval symbol to modern propaganda. In Architecture and interpretation: Essays for Eric Fernie, eds. T.A. Jill Franklin and C.S. Heslop, 343–357. Woodbridge: Boydell Press.

Hoover, J. 2010. God acts by His will and power: Ibn Taymiyya's theology of a personal God in his treatise on the voluntary attributes. In Ibn Taymiyya and his times, eds. Y. Rapoport and S. Ahmed, 55–77. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Ibn 'Abd al-H?d?, Mu?ammad b. A?mad. 1938. Al-'Uq?d al-Durriyyah min man?qib Syaikh al-Isl?m A?mad b. Taymiyyah. Cairo: Ma?ba'ah ij?z?. Ibn al-Ath?r, 'Al? b. Mu?ammad. 1966. al-K?mil f? al-T?r?kh, vol. 8. Beirut: D?r ??dir.

Ibn ?ajar, A?mad b. 'Al? al-'Asqal?n?. 2004. Fat? al-B?r? bi Shar? ?a??? al-Bukh?r?. Cairo: D?r al-?ad?th.

Ibn al-??jj 'Abd All?h b. Mu?ammad. 1995. Al-Madkhal il? Tanmiyat al-A'm?l bi Ta?s?n al-Niyy?h wa al-Tanb?h 'al? Ba'? al-Bida' wa al-'Aw?'id allat? Inta?alat wa Bay?n Shan?'ih?. Beirut: D?r al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyyah.

Ibn al-Jauz?, 'Abd al-Ra?m?n b. 'Al? b. Ja'far. 1995. Talb?s Ibl?s. Cairo: D?r al-?ad?th.

Ibn Khallik?n, A?mad b. Mu?ammad. 1948. Wafay?t al-A'y?n, vol. 3. Cairo: Maktabah al-Na??ah al-Mi?riyyah.

Ibn Kath?r, Ab? al-Fid?' Ism?'?l b. 'Umar. 1983. Tafs?r al-Qu'r?n al-'A??m, vol 1. Beirut: D?r al-Qalam.

Ibn Miskawayh A?mad b. Mu?ammad. 1920. Al-Qism al-Akh?r min Kit?b Taj?rib alUmam (The Eclipse of the 'Abbasid Caliphate: Original chronicles of the fourth Islamic century), vol. 1. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

Ibn Rajab, 'Abd al-Ra?man b. Shih?b al-D?n al-?anbal?. 2008. J?mi' al-'Ul?m wa alHikam. Riyadh: D?r al-Sal?m.

Ibnu Taymiyyah, A?mad b. 'Abd al-?al?m. 1989. Minh?j al-Sunnah al-Nabawiyyah f? Naq? Kal?m al-Sh?'ah wa al-Qadariyyah, vol. 9. Cairo: Maktabah Ibn Taymiyyah.

_______1990. Iqti??'al-?ir?? al-Mustaqim Mukh?lafat A???b al-Jah?m. Beirut: D?r alKutub al-'Ilmiyyah.

_______2000. Al-Qaw?'id al-N?r?niyyah al-Fiqhiyyah. Beirut: D?r al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyyah.

_______n.d. Majm?' Fat?w? Shaykh al-Isl?m A?mad b. Taymiyyah [MF], vols. 6, 11, 31. Cairo: D?r al-Ra?mah.

Ibn al-?uwayr, 'Abd al-Sal?m b. al-?asan (d. 1220). 1992. Nuzhah al-Muqlatayn f? Akhb?r al-Daulatayn. London: Mu'assasat al-Furq?n li al-Tur?th al-Isl?m?.

Jamaluddin, Jamaluddin. 2011. ?aflah al-Mawlid al-Nabaw? wa Qir?'at Kit?b al-Barzanj? f? Mujtama' Sasak: Man??r?t T?r?kh?yah. Studia Islamika 8: 32–50.

Kaptein, N.J.G. 1993. Muhammad's birthday festival.

Leiden: E. J. Brill. Katz, M.H. 2007. The birth of the Prophet Muhammad: Devotional piety in Sunni Islam. London: Routledge.

Kelly, J.F. 2004. The origins of Christmas. Minnesota: Collegeville.

Al-L?lik?'?, Hibatullah b. al-?asan (d. 1027). 2005. Shar? 'U??l I'tiq?d Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jam?'ah. Riyadh: D?r ?ayyibah.

Al-Maqr?z?, A?mad b. 'Al? (d. 1442). 2002. Maw?'?? al-I'tib?r f? dhikr al-Khi?a? wa alAth?r. London: Mu?assasat al-Furq?n li al-Tur?th al-Isl?m?.

Maududi, S. Abul 'Ala. 1963. A short history of the revivalist movement in Islam. Lahore: Islamic Publication Limited.

Memon, M.U. 1976. Ibn Taymiyya's struggle against popular religion. The Hague: Mouton.

Michot, Y.M. 2007. Ibn Taymiyya's commentary on the creed of al-Hallaj. In Sufism and theology, ed. A. Shihadeh, 123–136. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

_______2012. Ibn Taymiyya. In The Princeton encyclopedia of Islamic political thought, ed. G. Bowering, 238–241. Princeton-Oxford: Princeton University Press.

_______2013. An important reader of al-Ghaz?l?: Ibn Taymiyya. The Muslim World 103: 131–160, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-1913.2012.01421.x.

_______2014. Ibn Taymiyya's critique of Sh?'? Im?mology: Translation of three sections of his Minh?j al-Sunna. The Muslim World 104: 109–149, https://doi.org/10.1111/muwo.12036.

Mohamad Kamil Hj. Abd. Majid, Mat Zain Ab. Ghani and Hassan Jali. 2010. Ibnu Taymiyyah: Perjuangan dan pemikirannya memurnikan Islam. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Mohd Farid Mohd Sharif. 2011. Ibn Taymiyyah on jihad and baghy. Pulau Pinang: Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia.

Muslim Digest. July–August 1982, Ramadan Annual 32(6–7).

Al-Nadwi, Abul Hassan 'Ali. 2005. Ibn Taimiyah: Life and achievements, trans. Muhyiddin Ahmad. Leicester: UK Islamic Academy.

Nuseibeh, S. and Oleg, G. 1996. The Dome of the Rock. London: Rizzoli.

Omari, R. el. 2010. Ibn Taymiyya's 'Theology of the Sunna' and his polemics with the Ash'arites. In Ibn Taymiyya and his times, eds. Y. Rapoport and S. Ahmed, 101–119. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Omer, S. 2015. The Dome of the Rock: An analysis of its origins. Journal of Islam in Asia 12(1): 200–214.

Rivauzi, A. 2015. The education in local Islamic culture of Maulid Nabi traditions: A case study in Nurul Yaqin Ringan-Ringan Pakandangan Padang Pariaman Boarding School. Al-Ta'lim 22: 15–36, https://doi.org/10.15548/jt.v22i2.132.

Al-Sakh?w?, Mu?ammad b. 'Abd al-Ra?m?n. 1930. Al-I'l?n bi al-Tawb?kh li man Dhamma al-T?rikh. Damascus: al-Maktabah al-Quds?.

Schielke, S. 2006. Maulid celebrations: Continutiy and social function in modern Egypt. Islam-Zeitschrift Fur Geschichte Und Kultur Des Islamischen Orients 83: 120–145.

Schimmel, A. 1985. And Muhammad is His messenger. North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press.

Shoshan, B. 1993. Popular culture in medieval Cairo. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511524004.

Spuler, B. 1952. Iran in früh-islamischer Zeit. Wiesbaden: Franz Stiener Verlag GMBH.

Al-Sh??ib?, Ab? Is??q Ibr?h?m b. M?s?. 2005. Al-'I'ti??m. Beirut: al-Maktabah al-'A?riyyah.

Al-Sy??ib?, Ibrah?m b. M?s?. 1994. Al-I'ti??m. Cairo: Ma?ba'ah al-Halab?. The Encyclopaedia of Islam (EI²). 1954–1960. Leiden: E. J. Brill.

Ukeles, R.M. 2010. The sensitive Puritan? Revisiting Ibn Taymiyya's approach to law and spiritually in light of 20th century debates on the Prophet's birthday (Mawlid alNabi). In Ibn Taymiyya and his times, eds. Y. Rapoport and S. Ahmed, 319–337. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Al-Uthaim?n, Mu?ammad ??li?. 1421. Shar? al-'Aq?dah al-W?si??yyah li-Shaykh al-Isl?m Ibn Taym?yyah, vol. 2. Al-?ab'ah 6. Al-Mamlakah al-'Arabiyyah al-Sa'?diyyah: D?r Ibn al-Jauz?.

Weiser, F.X. 1958. Handbook of Christian feasts and customs. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company.

Al-Y?n?n?, Qu?b ad-D?n. 1954. Dhayl mir'?t az-zam?n, vol. 4. Hyderabad: D?i'rat alMa'?rif al-'Usm?niah.