Pemindahan Fungsi Yuqi Zhuci Tipikal dalam Terjemahan Bahasa Cina-Bahasa Melayu Transference of Functions of Typical Yuqi Zhuci in Chinese-Malay Translation

Abstract

Abstract words known as “typical yuqi zhuci” that are commonly used at the end of speeches in the Chinese language carry multiple grammatical functions. The use of such abstract words is not applicable in the Malay language. The current study identifies the function of each typical yuqi zhuci in the Chinese language and examines its accessibility in its translation into Malay. The study utilises the definition of yuqi zhuci by Zhang Bin (2010), the categorisation of yuqi zhuci by Shao Jingmin (2007) as well as the categorisation of typical yuqi zhuci in Chinese sentences, also by Zhang Bin (2010) in carrying out the analysis. A total of 527 sentences containing typical yuqi zhuci were extracted manually for the analysis. Each typical yuqi zhuci is categorised according to how it is employed in different types of sentences, namely, interrogative sentence (29.6 percent), imperative sentence (4.6 percent), affirmative sentence (62.6 percent), interjective sentence (2.7 percent) and ellipsis sentence (0.5 percent). To avoid duplicate analysis of data that are of similar patterns, only 35 items containing typical yuqi zhuci were used as research data. The results of the study show that the different functions of the six types of typical yuqi zhuci are specific in nature, based on how they are used in various types of Chinese sentences. The findings suggest that such functions can be delivered from the source language to Malay language via contextual consideration. And when typical yuqi zhuci cannot be fully expressed in the target language, it is due to the emic difference between the source language and the target language, as well as issues of inappropriate translation. The findings suggest that the transference of functions of typical yuqi zhuci in Chinese-Malay translation depends largely on identifying the functions of the typical yuqi zhuci present in the source text, story context, the speaker’s intention as well as the accuracy of the speaker’s tone. Evidently, the transference of functions of the typical yuqi zhuci does not rely on finding lexical equivalent from the target text.

Kata abstrak “yuqi zhuci tipikal” yang lazimnya digunakan pada penghujung ujaran bahasa Cina mendukung pelbagai fungsi tatabahasa dalam bahasa Cina. Penggunaan kata abstrak seumpama ini tidak berlaku dalam bahasa Melayu. Makalah ini bertujuan mengenal pasti fungsi setiap yuqi zhuci tipikal dalam bahasa Cina seterusnya meneliti ketersampaian fungsi tersebut dalam terjemahan teks bahasa Melayu. Untuk tujuan analisis, kajian ini memanfaatkan definisi yuqi zhuci oleh Zhang Bin (2010), pengkategorian yuqi zhuci oleh Shao Jingmin (2007) dan fungsi yuqi zhuci tipikal berdasarkan jenis ayat bahasa Cina oleh Zhang Bin (2010). Sebanyak 527 ayat yang mengandungi item yuqi zhuci tipikal berjaya dikutip secara manual. Item yuqi zhuci tipikal ini dikategorikan mengikut jenis ayat kehadirannya, iaitu ayat pertanyaan (29.6 peratus), ayat imperatif (4.6 peratus), ayat kepastian (62.6 peratus), ayat interjektif (2.7 peratus) dan ayat elipsis (0.5 peratus). Bagi mengelakkan pengulangan analisis data yang serupa polanya, hanya 35 item yuqi zhuci tipikal diambil sebagai data kajian berdasarkan fungsi item tersebut yang tidak berulang dalam ayat kehadiran yang berbeza. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan berdasarkan konteks ayat. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa fungsi bagi keenam-enam jenis yuqi zhuci tipikal bersifat khusus berdasarkan cara penggunaannya dalam pelbagai jenis ayat bahasa Cina. Kajian juga mendapati bahawa fungsi yuqi zhuci tipikal upaya disampaikan kembali daripada teks sumber kepada teks bahasa Melayu melalui konteks ayat, manakala yuqi zhuci tipikal yang tidak upaya diungkapkan kembali ke dalam teks sasaran adalah kerana perbezaan emik antara bahasa sumber dengan bahasa sasaran serta isu salah terjemah. Secara tuntasnya, pemindahan fungsi yuqi zhuci tipikal daripada teks bahasa Cina kepada teks bahasa Melayu banyak bergantung pada faktor pengenalpastian fungsi yuqi zhuci tipikal yang hadir dalam teks sumber, konteks cerita, niat penutur dan ketepatan nada penutur. Jelas bahawa ketersampaian fungsi yuqi zhuci tipikal tidak bergantung pada padanan leksikal dalam teks sasaran.