Faktor Penyumbang kepada Tekanan Perumahan di Kawasan Perumahan Kos Rendah dan Sederhana Rendah di Pulau Pinang Factors Contributing to Housing Stress in Low and Low-Medium Cost Housing in Pulau Pinang
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Abstract
A house as a place of residence plays an important role towards sustainable development and in improving the well-being of the population. The issue of housing, especially the supply and demand of low and low-medium cost housing in cities, rising house prices, quality of housing as well as housing stress has shown that housing is a critical issue that must be addressed. Housing stress usually refers to financial constraints, the reason for the inability to manage the cost of home ownership and housing expenses. Yet financial burden is not the only factor that can contribute to housing stress. There are two types of housing stress, namely physical and emotional factors that may impact negatively on the lives of residents. This paper discusses perceptions of factors that may contribute to housing stress based on a survey of 400 residents of low and low-medium cost housing areas in Pulau Pinang. The results of the study show that although majority of the respondents allocate more than 30 percent of their income for housing, the quality of housing and the environmental quality of housing areas contribute more to their housing stress than economic factors.
Rumah sebagai tempat kediaman memainkan peranan penting dalam pembangunan lestari ke arah meningkatkan kesejahteraan hidup penduduk. Isu perumahan khususnya perumahan kos rendah dan sederhana rendah dalam bandar daripada segi penawaran-permintaan, kenaikan harga rumah dan kualiti perumahan serta tekanan perumahan telah menunjukkan bahawa perumahan merupakan satu isu kritikal yang perlu diberikan perhatian. Tekanan perumahan atau housing stress lazimnya merujuk kepada kekangan kewangan sebagai penyebab kepada ketidakmampuan pemilikan rumah dan mengurus kos perbelanjaan perumahan. Namun, didapati bebanan kewangan sematamata bukan merupakan faktor yang menyumbang kepada tekanan perumahan, sebaliknya terdapat faktor-faktor lain yang berkaitan dengan perumahan yang juga boleh membawa kepada tekanan perumahan. Tekanan perumahan terdiri daripada dua jenis, iaitu tekanan fizikal dan tekanan emosi yang boleh memberi kesan negatif terhadap kehidupan penghuni. Makalah ini membincangkan persepsi responden kajian terhadap faktor-faktor yang menyumbang kepada tekanan perumahan. Perbincangan dibuat berdasarkan hasil kajian empirikal yang telah dijalankan melalui edaran borang soal selidik kepada 400 penghuni perumahan kos rendah dan sederhana rendah dalam bandar di Pulau Pinang. Hasil dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa faktor kualiti perumahan dan kualiti persekitaran kawasan perumahan sebenarnya lebih banyak menyumbang kepada tekanan perumahan berbanding faktor ekonomi walaupun majoriti responden memperuntukkan lebih daripada 30 peratus pendapatan untuk kos perumahan.
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