Pembaharuan Sistem Perundangan Kelantan di bawah Pentadbiran Siam-British, 1902–1915 Kelantan Legislative System Reforms under the Siam-British Administration, 1902–1915
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Abstract
This study discusses the reforms of the legislative system in Kelantan from the Siamese rule to the British administration between 1902 to 1915. Before the introduction of British law, Sharia law was practiced in Kelantan since the 1880s. However, under the Siamese-British administration which began in 1902, Western law replaced the Sharia law as the British deemed it primitive. This study aims to determine the real objectives of the change and the steps taken by the Siamese-British administrators to change the Kelantan legislative system and whether the implementation of the Western law had helped alleviate criminal problems in Kelantan. This study found that the changes implemented by the British were not to bring prosperity and justice to the natives, but rather aimed at strengthening the British grip and economic exploitation in Kelantan. To this end, the British tried to weaken the sultan’s position as ruler and remove the influence of Islamic legal institutions in the Kelantan administration. They also modified legal institutions, courts and the police to cover up potential indigenous resistance to their intervention.
Kajian ini membincangkan pembaharuan sistem perundangan di Kelantan bermula dari zaman pemerintahan Siam sehingga pentadbiran British antara tahun 1902 dan 1915. Sebelum pengenalan undang-undang British, undang-undang syariah telah diamalkan di Kelantan sejak sekitar tahun 1880-an. Namun di bawah pentadbiran Siam-British yang bermula pada tahun 1902, undang-undang Barat telah menggantikan undang-undang syariah kerana British menganggap undang-undang tersebut primitif. Kajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti matlamat perubahan dan langkah-langkah yang diambil oleh pentadbir Siam-British untuk mengubah sistem perundangan Kelantan dan sama ada pelaksanaan undang-undang Barat telah membantu dalam mengurangkan masalah jenayah di Kelantan atau sebaliknya. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahawa perubahan yang dilaksanakan oleh British bukan bermatlamat untuk membawa kemakmuran dan keadilan kepada peribumi, sebaliknya untuk mengukuhkan cengkaman British dan eksploitasi mereka di Kelantan. British cuba melemahkan kedudukan sultan sebagai pemerintah dan menghapuskan pengaruh institusi perundangan Islam dalam pentadbiran Kelantan bagi mencapai matlamat tersebut. Mereka juga mengubah suai institusi undang-undang, mahkamah dan polis untuk mengekang potensi penentangan peribumi terhadap campur tangan mereka.
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