Pemahaman dan Penghasilan Ayat Pasif dalam Kalangan Kanak-kanak Melayu The Comprehension and Production of Passive Voice among Malay Children
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Abstract
The study aims to determine on language acquisition, which involve huge data from Malay children in Malaysia, are somewhat limited. This study examines language acquisition patterns from the perspective of passive voice in comprehension and production. This study is a cross-sectional study that examines the ability to use passive voice in Malay among Malay children. The study is aimed to determine the different abilities to comprehend and produce passive voice in terms of age and type of passive voice by the Malay children. The age groups for the subjects are 4;0 years old to 6;11 years old and 7;0 years old to 9;11 years old. The finding shows that there is a significant difference between the achievement of the 4;0 years old to 6;11 years old age group and the 7;0 years old to 9;11 years old group. The data was collected through a picture-sentence-matching test and a sentence extraction test adapted from previous studies. The findings of the study found that the passive voice “di-” from the standard Malay language variation was difficult to master by the group of children aged 4;0 years old to 6;11 years old. The findings also show that the passive voice structure is acquired in the later stage of the Malay children’s language development.
Penyelidikan tentang pemerolehan bahasa yang melibatkan data besar dalam kalangan kanak-kanak Melayu di Malaysia agak terbatas. Kajian ini meneliti tentang corak pemerolehan bahasa dari aspek ayat pasif, yakni aspek pemahaman dan penghasilan. Kajian ini berbentuk kajian keratan rentas dengan meneliti keupayaan penggunaan ayat pasif bahasa Melayu dalam kalangan kanak-kanak Melayu. Kajian ini bermatlamat untuk menghuraikan pemahaman dan penghasilan ayat pasif dan menentukan sama ada terdapat perbezaan keupayaan ayat pasif disebabkan oleh umur, jenis ayat pasif dan kemahiran pemahaman, dan penghasilan antara dua kumpulan kanak-kanak. Subjek kumpulan terdiri daripada kumpulan kanak-kanak berumur 4;0 tahun sehingga 6;11 tahun dan kumpulan kanak-kanak berumur 7;0 tahun sehingga 9;11 tahun. Data kajian dikumpulkan melalui ujian padanan-ayat-bergambar dan ujian pencungkilan ayat yang diadaptasi daripada kajian lepas. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan antara pencapaian kumpulan kanak-kanak berumur 4;0 tahun sehingga 6;11 tahun dengan kumpulan kanak-kanak berumur 7;0 tahun sehingga 9;11 tahun. Dapatan kajian mendapati bahawa perbezaan prestasi kedua-dua kumpulan disebabkan oleh variasi bahasa Melayu ayat pasif “di-” yang standard dan belum dikuasai oleh kumpulan kanak-kanak berumur 4;0 tahun sehingga 6;11 tahun. Dapatan kajian juga menunjukkan bahawa ayat pasif merupakan struktur bahasa yang lewat diperoleh dalam perkembangan bahasa kanak-kanak Melayu.
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