Dari Entrepot ke Agraria: Pemikiran tentang Pembangunan Ekonomi Berdasarkan Undang-undang Kedah Ku Din Ku Meh From Entreport to Agraria: Ideas on Economic Development Based on the Undang-undang Kedah Ku Din Ku Meh Version
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Abstract
The Malay states are often viewed by colonial scholar-officials as devoid of any systematic political system before the arrival of the West while its laws were seen as cruel and unworthy of the attention of the serious readers. In actuality, traditional laws like the Undang-undang Kedah (Kedah Laws) which was already in place since the 17th century had proved otherwise. This article aims to scrutinise the ideas and conceptions held by Kedah rulers with regards economic development as manifested in indigenous laws like the Undang-undang Kedah the Ku Din Ku Meh version (1893). This study applies the qualitative method which involve analysing the relevant sections of the Kedah laws to identify ideas, concepts and thoughts relating to state administration notably the economy of the state. Based on textual analysis of the Undang-undang Kedah the Ku Din Ku Meh version, it is found that Kedah had already in place an organised legal system so as to facilitate the economic transition that had taken place from the 13th to the 17th centuries which enabled the state to evolve from a port state to an agrarian one.
Negeri-negeri Melayu sering dilihat oleh sarjana pentadbir kolonial tidak mempunyai suatu sistem politik yang sistematik sebelum kedatangan Barat manakala aspek undang-undangnya pula dilihat kejam dan dianggap tidak perlu diberi perhatian serius oleh pembaca. Walhal kewujudan undang-undang tradisional seperti Undang-undang Kedah yang telah disusun sekurang-kurangnya sejak kurun ke-17 membuktikan sebaliknya. Artikel ini bertujuan meneliti idea dan pemikiran pemerintah Kedah tentang perancangan pembangunan ekonomi seperti yang terpancar dalam teks Undang-undang Kedah naskhah Ku Din Ku Meh (1893). Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif yang melibatkan analisis terhadap fasal-fasal yang terkandung dalam teks tersebut bagi mengenal pasti idea, konsep dan pemikiran tentang pentadbiran negeri khususnya yang berkait dengan ekonomi. Berdasarkan kajian terhadap teks Undang-undang Kedah naskhah Ku Din Ku Meh ini didapati bahawa Kedah telah pun mempunyai satu sistem perundangan yang tersusun demi memanfaatkan transisi ekonomi yang dilaluinya sejak kurun ke-13 hingga kurun ke-17 yang akhirnya membolehkan Kedah beralih daripada sebuah kerajaan pelabuhan kepada agraria atau pertanian.
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