Fasal-Fasal Tanah dalam Undang-Undang Adat Negeri Kedah: Bukti Aspek Ekonomi Melayu Tradisional yang Bersistem Land Clauses in Undang-Undang Adat Negeri Kedah: A Proof of Systematic Malay’s Traditional Economy Aspect
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Abstract
This article discusses land clauses related to Undang-Undang Adat Negeri Kedah as evidence of the traditional Malay economy having its own system before colonisation. The clauses concerning land in traditional Malay legal texts have undoubtedly been discussed in previous writings. However, discussions about land clauses in these previous writings were solely aimed at arguing the existence of a systematic land legal system within the Malay community before British administration. The land clauses were also selectively discussed in previous writings and the objectives behind each enacted clause were not detailed enough to prove the existence of systematic economic practices among the Malay community. This raises a question as to whether other clauses related to the land aspect are not important and whether the clauses related to the land will ensure the Malay agricultural economy could run smoothly? Thus, this research aims to examine each clause related to land in Undang-Undang Adat Negeri Kedah to prove the existence of a systematic economy among the Malay. In brief, this writing found that the existence of special clauses regarding Undang-Undang Adat Negeri Kedah proves that the Malay land legal system was enacted to ensure economic activities run smoothly without disagreements on land and crops. This article uses a historical method, specifically text analysis on Undang-Undang Adat Negeri Kedah, as the main primary source.
Makalah ini membincangkan fasal-fasal berkaitan tanah yang terdapat dalam Undang-Undang Adat Negeri Kedah Abad Ke-19 bagi membuktikan bahawa aspek ekonomi Melayu tradisional sebelum pentadbiran kolonial telah pun mempunyai sistem yang tersendiri. Tidak dinafikan bahawa fasal-fasal berkaitan tanah dalam teks-teks perundangan Melayu tradisional telah disentuh dalam penulisan lepas namun perbincangan dalam penulisan lepas tersebut hanyalah bertujuan menghujahkan wujudnya sistem perundangan tanah yang teratur dalam kalangan masyarakat Melayu sebelum pentadbiran British. Fasal-fasal tanah disentuh secara terpilih dalam penulisan lepas serta matlamat dan tujuan setiap fasal ini digubal tidak dibincangkan dengan terperinci bagi memberi gambaran wujudnya amalan ekonomi bersistem dalam kalangan masyarakat Melayu. Hal ini menimbulkan persoalan “Apakah fasal-fasal lain berkaitan tanah tidak penting?” dan “Bagaimanakah fasal yang ada ini dapat memastikan ekonomi masyarakat Melayu iaitu kegiatan pertanian boleh berjalan dengan lancar?” Maka, kajian ini bertujuan untuk memperincikan setiap fasal berkaitan tanah yang ada dalam teks Undang-Undang Adat Negeri Kedah bagi membuktikan wujudnya amalan ekonomi bersistem dalam kalangan masyarakat Melayu. Ringkasnya, makalah ini mendapati bahawa fasal-fasal khusus berkaitan tanah dalam teks Undang-Undang Adat Negeri Kedah digubal sedemikian rupa bagi memastikan kegiatan ekonomi dapat berjalan dengan lancar tanpa sebarang pertelingkahan berkaitan tanah dan hasil tanaman. Penulisan makalah ini menggunakan kaedah sejarah iaitu kaedah analisis teks Undang-Undang Adat Negeri Kedah yang dijadikan sumber primer penting dan utama.
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