Kata Kerja Ambitransitif dalam Bahasa Melayu: Suatu Analisis Minimalis Ambitransitive Verb in Malay: A Minimalist Analysis
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Abstract
This study aims to explore the transitivity of Malay verbs, which has been understudied in previous research that only focused on four categories: transitive, bitransitive, unaccusative and uncausative. The previous studies claimed that each verb can only support one transitivity feature. However, this study aims to fill the gap by providing a syntactic explanation of verbs that have more than one transitivity feature in Malay, namely ambitransitive verb. The study focuses on one lexical item “ada”, which functions as a verb. The data was collected from the Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka corpus and analysed in two types of sentences, possession sentences in FN-ada-FN structure and existential sentences in FN-ada structure. The results showed that “ada” has a monotransitive characteristic in possession sentences FN-ada-FN, but it has an unaccusative characteristic in existential sentences in FN-ada. This study contributes to the understanding of lexical items with multiple transitivity properties and provides evidence that ambitransitive verbs do exist and are used logically in Malay.
Kajian lepas berkaitan transitiviti kata kerja bahasa Melayu hanya tertumpu kepada empat kategori sahaja, iaitu transitif, dwitransitif, tak akusatif dan tak kausatif. Kajian lepas juga mendakwa setiap kata kerja (KK) hanya boleh mendukung satu ciri transitiviti sahaja. Namun, tiada penjelasan tuntas berkaitan leksikal yang dianggap ambitransitif, iaitu leksikal yang boleh mendukung lebih daripada satu sifat transitiviti. Maka, kajian ini bertujuan mengemukakan penjelasan sintaksis terhadap KK yang memiliki lebih daripada satu ciri transitiviti dari perspektif minimalis. Kajian ini mengehadkan satu leksis sahaja untuk dianalisis, iaitu “ada” yang berfungsi sebagai KK. Data kajian ini pula diperoleh daripada janaan korpus Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Kajian ini menganalisis “ada” yang hadir dalam dua jenis ayat, iaitu ayat milik dalam struktur frasa nama (FN)-ada-FN dan ayat kewujudan dalam struktur FN-ada. Kajian ini mendapati dalam struktur milik FN-ada- FN, “ada” berciri KK monotransitif kerana mensubkategorisasikan satu argumen dalaman, iaitu FN sebagai komplemennya. Namun begitu, hal berbeza diperlihatkan dalam struktur kewujudan FN-ada apabila “ada” memiliki ciri sebagai KK tak akusatif. Kajian ini memberi impak terhadap penemuan leksis yang memiliki lebih daripada satu sifat transitiviti dan membuktikan bahawa KK ambitransitif sememangnya wujud dan digunakan secara nalar dalam bahasa Melayu.
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