Sikap Kerajaan Jordan Terhadap Wilayah Palestin di Asia Barat, 1948–1988 The Attitude of the Jordan Government Towards Palestine’s Territory in West Asia, 1948–1988

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Muhamad Hasrul Zakariah

Abstract

This study examines the attitude of the Jordanian government towards Palestine’s territory of the West Bank before and after the Arab Israeli War in June 1967 until the disengagement decision of 1988. Since year 1948, the territory including the eastern part of Baitul Maqdis (Jerusalem) was ruled by the Jordan government. The founder of the country, King Abdullah I claimed his sovereignty towards the area constantly, and unified them with the eastern bank of the Jordan River (Transjordan) in 1950 became the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. During this period, there was no effort to acknowledge publicly the West Bank as Palestine’s region and the Baitul Maqdis town as Palestine’s capital. When the Israeli regime occupied the area in the Arab Israeli War 1967, the ruler ceased the sovereignty claims, subsequently the attitude changed to Palestine’s territory instead of Jordan’s land. Eventually, in 1988 King Hussein of Jordan proclaimed the administration and legal disengagement of the West Bank because of the political pressure from the Palestinian political organisations. The study applied history discipline methodology and analysis of archival sources. The findings of the study unveiled the actual attitude of the Arab leaders behind the political rhetoric toward the Palestinians’ struggle and aspiration.


Kajian ini menyelidiki sikap kerajaan Jordan terhadap wilayah Palestin di Tebing Barat sebelum dan selepas Perang Arab-Israel pada Jun 1967 sehingga berlakunya keputusan pemisahan (disengagement) pada tahun 1988. Sejak tahun 1948, wilayah Tebing Barat termasuk kota Baitul Maqdis Timur (Jerusalem) diperintah oleh kerajaan Jordan. Pengasas negara Jordan, Raja Abdullah I secara berterusan mendakwa wilayah ini sebagai wilayah Jordan. Baginda kemudiannya menyatukan Tebing Barat dengan wilayah Tebing Timur atau Transjordan pada tahun 1950 menjadi The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Pada era tersebut, tidak pernah timbul sebarang usaha untuk mengiktiraf Tebing Barat sebagai wilayah Palestin dan Baitul Maqdis sebagai ibu negara Palestin secara terbuka. Setelah Israel menakluki wilayah Tebing Barat dalam Perang Arab-Israel pada Jun 1967, sikap kerajaan Jordan beransur-ansur berubah dengan tidak lagi mendakwa Tebing Barat sebagai wilayah Jordan dan menggugurkan tuntutan kedaulatan terhadap wilayah Palestin ini. Kemuncak kepada perubahan ini adalah ketika Raja Hussein mengumumkan tindakan pemisahan pentadbiran dan penguatkuasaan undang-undang Jordan di Tebing Barat pada tahun 1988. Keputusan baginda ini berpunca daripada desakan organisasi politik Palestin. Kajian ini mengaplikasikan kaedah penyelidikan disiplin sejarah dan analisis dokumen-dokumen arkib. Akhir sekali, dapatan kajian ini telah mendedahkan sikap sebenar kepimpinan Arab di sebalik retorik politik mereka terhadap perjuangan dan aspirasi penduduk Palestin.


 

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Sikap Kerajaan Jordan Terhadap Wilayah Palestin di Asia Barat, 1948–1988: The Attitude of the Jordan Government Towards Palestine’s Territory in West Asia, 1948–1988. (2025). KEMANUSIAAN The Asian Journal of Humanities, 32(1), 101–121. https://doi.org/10.21315/kajh2025.32.1.6
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