Tindakan Terjemahan dan Norma Profesional dalam Penyarikataan Peminat Korea Translational Action and Professional Norm in Korean Fansubbing

Main Article Content

Ummi Umairah Kahar
Hasuria Che Omar

Abstract

Fansubbing is an audiovisual translation produced by a group of fans. The Korean Wave has led to the emergence of fansubber groups involving the fans of Korean entertainment shows or groups of Korean artists. The flourishing Korean fansubbing has consequently created space for a debate on translational action. Holz-Manttari’s translational action model was proposed as a guide in analysing the translation participants and their roles in translation activities. By understanding this notion, ideally a translation product that suits the target audience will be able to produce. In relation to this, the writing will look into the participants’ profiles and the role of the participants involved in fansubbing activities. This writing will also discuss the translation norms, particularly the professional norms as presented by Chesterman in his articles published in 1993 and 1997, as it is part of the objective of the study. The findings of the study were collected through an online questionnaire conducted on two fansubber groups who produced English subtitles for two groups of Korean artists. The feedback revealed that the fansubber groups has a systematic work structure. The role of the participants involved also clearly indicated the translational action that occurred in the fansubbing activities and even managed to display the professional norm practiced by the fansubber community.


Penyarikataan peminat (fansubbing) merupakan terjemahan audiovisual yang dihasilkan oleh kelompok peminat. Gelombang Korea telah membawa kepada kemunculan kumpulan penyari kata peminat (fansubber group) yang disertai oleh peminat bagi sesuatu rancangan hiburan Korea atau kumpulan artis Korea. Kerancakan aktiviti penyarikataan peminat Korea secara langsung memberi ruang kepada perbincangan tindakan terjemahan (translational action). Holz-Manttari mengemukakan model tindakan terjemahan sebagai panduan yang memaparkan perihal peserta dan peranan peserta yang terlibat dalam sesuatu aktiviti penterjemahan. Melalui pemahaman tentang gagasan ini, produk terjemahan yang sesuai dengan pembaca sasaran akan dapat dihasilkan. Sehubungan dengan ini, makalah ini akan membincangkan tentang peserta dan peranan peserta yang terlibat dalam aktiviti penyarikataan peminat. Kupasan tentang norma terjemahan yang bertumpu kepada norma profesional seperti yang dikemukakan oleh Chesterman dalam tulisannya yang diterbitkan pada tahun 1993 dan 1997, yang merupakan sebahagian daripada objektif kajian, turut dibincangkan dalam penulisan ini. Dapatan kajian diperoleh menerusi soal selidik dalam talian yang dilakukan terhadap dua kumpulan penyari kata peminat yang menghasilkan sari kata bahasa Inggeris bagi dua buah kumpulan artis Korea. Maklum balas peserta dalam konteks penyarikataan ini menunjukkan struktur kerja kumpulan penyari kata peminat adalah bersistematik. Peranan responden yang terlibat juga jelas menunjukkan tindakan terjemahan yang hadir dalam aktiviti penyarikataan peminat, malah turut menampilkan norma profesional yang diamalkan oleh komuniti penyari kata peminat.

Article Details

How to Cite
Tindakan Terjemahan dan Norma Profesional dalam Penyarikataan Peminat Korea: Translational Action and Professional Norm in Korean Fansubbing. (2025). KEMANUSIAAN The Asian Journal of Humanities, 32(1), 123–146. https://doi.org/10.21315/kajh2025.32.1.7
Section
Articles

References

Aznur Aisyah. 2017. Korean-English language translational action of K-Pop social media content: A case study on Bangtan Sonyeondan’s (BTS) official Twitter. 3L the Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies 23(3): 67–80. https://doi. org/10.17576/3l-2017-2303-05

Aznur Aisyah and Jin, N.Y. 2017. K-Pop V Fansubs, V LIVE and NAVER dictionary: Fansubbers’ synergy in minimising language barriers. 3L the Southest Asian Journal of English Language Studies 23(4): 112–127. https://doi. org/10.17576/3L-2017-2304-09

Bong, J.H. 2020. Bong Joon Ho wins best director. Oscars, 5 January [YouTube]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ekMl5VHBH4I (accessed 25 April 2020)

Chang, J. 2020. Commentary: “The 1-inch-tall barrier of subtitles”: Bong Joon Ho rightly calls out Hollywood myopia. Tribune New Service, 7 January. Retrieved from https://www.chicagotribune.com/2020/01/07/commentary-the-1-inch-tall-barrier-of-subtitles-bong-joon-ho-rightly-calls-out-hollywood-myopia (accessed 20 April 2019)

Chaume, F. 2018. Is audiovisual translation putting the concept of translation up against the ropes? The Journal of Specialised Translation 30: 84–104.

Chesterman, A. 1997. Memes of translation: The spread of ideas in translation theory. Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins Publishing Company.

_____. 1993. From “is” to “ought”: Laws, norms and strategies in translation studies. Target International Journal of Translation Studies 5(1): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1075/ target.5.1.02che

Chin, B. and Morimoto, L.H. 2013. Towards a theory of “transcultural fandom”. Participations: Journal of Audience and Reception Studies 1(10): 92–108.

Diaz-Cintas, J. 2018. “Subtitling’s a carnival”: New practices in cyberspace. The Journal of Specialised Translation 30: 127–149.

Geng, R. 2016. Studies of translation norms of Ai Xi La Ge by Ma Junwu: Within the framework of Andrew Chesterman’s Theory of Translation Norms. Theory and Practice in Language Studies 6(3): 534–540. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0603.11

Hebenstreit, G. 2019. Coming to terms with social translation: A terminological approach. Translation Studies 12(2): 139–155. https://doi.org/10.1080/14781700.2019.16812 90

Hills, M. 2018. Implicit fandom in the fields of theatre, art, and literature: Studying “fans” beyond fan discourse. In A companion to media fandom and fan studies, ed. P. Booth, 477–494. New York: Wiley.

Holz-Manttari, J. 1984. Translatorisches handeln: Theorie und methode (Translational action: Theory and method). Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia.

Hong-Mercier, S. 2013. Hallyu as a digital culture phenomenon in the process of globalization: A theoretical investigation on the global consumption of hallyu seen in France. Journal of Communication Research 50(1): 157–192. https://doi. org/10.22174/jcr.2013.50.1.157

Jin, D.Y. and Yoon, K. 2014. The social mediascape of transnational Korean pop culture: Hallyu 2.0 as spreadable media practice. New Media and Society 18(7): 1277–1292. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444814554895

Koscialkowska-Okonska, E. 2011. The concept of norm in professional (legal) translation and interpreting: The trainee (user) view. Comparative Legilinguistics 5: 23–34. https://doi.org/10.14746/cl.2011.5.02

Leonard, S. 2005. Progress against the law: Anime and fandom, with the key to the globalization of culture. International Journal of Cultural Studies 8(3): 281–305.

Liu, B. 2015. On expectancy norms in E-C translation of trade names of drugs in light of Chesterman’s theory of translation norms. Theory and Practice in Language Studies 5(9): 1857–1862. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0509.13

Massidda, S. 2015. Audiovisual translation in the digital age: The Italian fansubbing phenomenon. London: Palgrave Pivot. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137470379

_____. 2012. The Italian fansubbing phenomenon. PhD diss., Università degli Studi di Sassari.

Matkivska, N. 2014. Audiovisual translation: Conception, types, characters’ speech and translation strategies applied. Studies About Languages 25: 38–44. https://doi. org/10.5755/j01.sal.0.25.8516

Munday, J. 2016. Introducting translation studies, theories and application. 4th Ed. London/New York: Routledge.

Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin and Zaharani Ahmad. 2011. Hallyu di Malaysia: Kajian sosiobudaya. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication 27(2): 203–219.

O’Hagan, M. 2015. Evolution of user-generated translation. The Journal of Internationalization and Localization 1(1): 94–121. https://doi.org/10.1075/ jial.1.04hag

Orrego-Carmona, D. 2019. A holistic approach to non-professional subtitling from a functional quality perspective. Translation Studies 12(2): 196–212. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/14781700.2019.1686414

_____. 2015. The reception of (non)professional subtitling. PhD diss., Universitat Rovira i Virgili.

Orrego-Carmona, D. and Lee, E. 2017. Non-professional subtitling. In Non-professional subtitling, eds. D. Orrego-Carmona and Y. Lee, 1–12. Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

Spolidorio, N.S. 2017. Fansubbing in Brazil: Fan translation and collaborative production in light of participatory culture. The Journal of Translation Studies 18(4): 61–89. https://doi.org/10.15749/jts.2017.18.4.004

Vazquez-Calvo, B. 2018. The Online ecology of literacy and language practices of a gamer. Educational Technology and Society 21(3): 199–212.

Wongseree, T. 2016. Creativity in Thai fansubbing: A creative translation practice as perceived by fan audiences of the Korean variety show Running Man. CTIS Occasional Papers 7: 60–86.