Dasar Tanah British: Impaknya Terhadap Populasi dan Corak Penggunaan Tanah di Kinta, Perak (1874–1939) British Land Policy: Its Impact on Population and Land Use Patterns in Kinta, Perak (1874–1939)
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Abstract. This article examined the impact of British land policies on the population structure and land use patterns in Kinta, Perak, between 1874 and 1939. As a district rich in tin deposits, Kinta experienced significant changes when colonial land policies opened opportunities for foreign capitalists and migrant laborers to acquire and extensively cultivate land. These policies, intended to facilitate easy access to land, stimulated economic growth based on mining and plantation agriculture. However, at the same time, the local population was increasingly marginalised from active participation in the commercial mining and agricultural sectors. The influx of labour from China and India not only accelerated the development of strategic economic sectors but also significantly altered the district’s demography. This study was situated within the discipline of history and employs a qualitative approach, specifically through the analysis of primary documentary sources. The main primary sources examined are the Annual Report on Social and Economic Progress of the People of Perak, the Census of State of Perak and the Annual Report of the Kinta Land Office. The article argued that British land policies not only reinforced the dominance of foreign capitalist interests but also created segregated land use and population structures, thereby contributing to persistent economic imbalance between ethnic groups and regions even after colonisation.
Abstrak. Artikel ini meneliti impak dasar tanah British terhadap struktur populasi dan corak penggunaan tanah di Kinta, Perak dalam tempoh 1874 hingga 1939. Sebagai sebuah daerah yang kaya dengan deposit bijih timah, Kinta telah mengalami perubahan besar apabila dasar tanah kolonial membuka ruang kepada pemodal dan buruh asing untuk memiliki serta mengusahakan tanah secara meluas. Dasar tanah yang dirangka bagi memudahkan akses terhadap tanah ini telah merangsang pertumbuhan ekonomi berasaskan perlombongan dan perladangan. Namun, pada masa yang sama, berlaku peminggiran masyarakat tempatan daripada terlibat secara aktif dalam sektor perlombongan dan pertanian komersial. Kemasukan buruh dari China dan India bukan sahaja mempercepatkan perkembangan sektor ekonomi, tetapi juga mengubah demografi daerah ini dengan ketara. Kajian disiplin sejarah ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, iaitu analisis dokumen sumber primer. Antara sumber primer utama yang dianalisis ialah Annual Report on Social and Economic Progress of the People of Perak, Census of State of Perak dan Annual Report Kinta Land Office. Penulisan ini menghujahkan bahawa dasar tanah British bukan sahaja memperkukuh penguasaan ekonomi kapitalis asing, malah menghasilkan struktur penggunaan tanah dan komposisi penduduk yang bersifat menyisih, sekaligus mewujudkan jurang ekonomi berterusan antara kaum dan wilayah sekalipun selepas penjajahan.
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