Low pH Water Impairs the Tactile Sense of the Postlarvae of the Giant Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Main Article Content
Abstract
The effect of low pH on the tactile sense of Macrobrachium rosenbergii postlarvae was determined in the laboratory by means of two behavioural assays: shelter (netting) occupancy and jumping response to touch stimuli (taps) by a glass micropipette. The postlarvae were acclimated to pH 4, pH 5, pH 6 and pH 7.5 (control) in 45 L aquaria 5?7 d before the experiments. Shelter occupancy decreased with pH and was significantly lower at pH 4 and pH 5 than at pH 6 and in the control. The jumping response instantly followed a tap 93?98% of the time in the control, pH 6 and pH 5 treatments. However, the postlarvae showed significantly lower jumping response (65%) at pH 4, indicating an impaired tactile sense. Low pH 4?5 probably degrades the chitin of the sensory setae and inhibits the surface mechanoreceptors of the prawn postlarvae.
Kesan pH rendah terhadap deria sentuhan pasca larva Macrobrachium rosenbergii telah ditentukan dalam makmal melalui dua ujian tingkah laku: penghunian pada substrat (jala) dan respon melompat terhadap sentuhan oleh mikropipet kaca. Pasca larva telah diaklimitasi kepada pH 4, pH 5, pH 6 dan pH 7.5 (kawalan) dalam akuaria 45 L selama 5–7 hari sebelum eksperimen. Bilangan pasca larva yang menghuni pada substrat berkurangan bersama pH dan adalah lebih rendah secara ketara pada pH 4 dan pH 5 berbanding pH 6 dan kawalan. Respon melompat yang segera terhadap 93–98% daripada jumlah sentuhan telah diperhatikan pada pasca larva dalam kumpulan kawalan, pH 6 and pH 5. Namun, pasca larva dalam kumpulan pH 4 menunjukkan jumlah bilangan respon melompat yang lebih rendah secara ketara (65%), menunjukkan penjejasan dalam deria sentuhan mereka. pH yang rendah (dalam pH 4–pH 5) mungkin menjejaskan kitin dalam seta deria dan menghalang permukaan reseptor mekanikal pasca larva udang.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Alberstadt P J, Steele C W and Skinner C. (1995). Cover-seeking behavior in juvenile and adult crayfish, Oreconectes rusticus: effect of darkness and thigmotactic cues. Journal of Crustacean Biology 15(3): 537–541.
Allison V, Dunham D W and Harvey H H. (1992). Low pH alters response to food in the crayfish Cambarus bartoni. Canadian Journal of Zoology 70(10): 2416–2420.
Almut G and Bamber S. (2013). Behavioural responses of Cragon crangon (Crustacea, Decapoda) to reduced seawater pH following simulated leakage from sub-sea geological storage. Journal of Environmental Protection 4: 61–67.
Alston D E and Sampaio C M S. (2000). Nursery systems and management. In M B New and W C Valenti (eds.). Freshwater prawn culture: the farming of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Oxford: Blackwell Science, 112–156. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470999554.ch8
Arnott S A, Heil D M and Ansell A D. (1999). Escape trajectories of the brown shrimp Crangon crangon, and a theoretical consideration of initial escape angles from predators. Journal of Experimental Biology 202(2): 193–209.
Breithaupt T and Tautz J. (1990). The sensitivity of crayfish mechanoreceptors to hydrodynamic and acoustic stimuli. In K Wiese, W D Krenz, J Tautz, H Reichert and B Mulloney (eds.). Frontiers in crustacean neurobiology. Basel: Birkhauser, 114–119.
Chen S M and Chen J. (2003). Effects of pH on survival, growth, molting and feeding of giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Aquaculture 218(1–4): 613–623.
Clopper C and Pearson E S. (1934). The use of confidence or fiducial limits illustrated in the case of the binomial. Biometrika 26(4): 404–413.
Committee for the Update of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, Institute to Laboratory Animal Research (2011). Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals. Washington, DC: National Academic Press.
de la Haye K L, Spicer J L, Widdicombe S and Briffa M. (2011). Reduced pH sea water disrupts resource assessment and decision making in the hermit crab Pagurus bernhardus. Animal Behaviour 82(3): 495–501.
Douglass J K and Wilkins L A. (1998). Directional selectivities of near-field filiform hair mechanoreceptors on the crayfish tailfan (Crustacea: Decapoda). Journal of Comparative Physiology A 183(1): 23–34.
France R L. (1987). Calcium and trace metal composition of crayfish (Orconectes virilis) in relation to experimental lake acidification. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44(S1): 107–113.
Gandaseca S, Rosli N, Ngayop J and Arianto C I. (2011). Status of water quality based on the physico-chemical assessment on river water at Wildlife Sanctuary Sibuti Mangrove Forest, Miri Sarawak. American Journal of Environmental Sciences 7(3): 269–275.
Garm A. (2004). Revising the definition of the crustacean seta and setal classification systems based on examination of the mouthpart setae of seven species of decapods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 142(2): 233–252.
Gasim M B, Ismail B S, Torioman M E, Rahim S A, Islam M S and Chek T C. (2006) Hydrology and water quality and land-use assessment of the Tasik Chini’s feeder rivers, Pahang, Malaysia. Geografia 2: 72–86.
Herberholz J and Schmitz B. (1998). Role of mechanosensory stimuli in intraspecific agonistic encounters of the snapping shrimp (Alpheus heterochaelis). Biological Bulletin 195(2): 156–167.
Ismael D and New M B. (2000). Biology. In M B New and W C Valenti (eds.). Freshwater prawn culture; the farming of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Oxford: Blackwell Science, 18–40. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470999554.ch3
Juahir H, Zain S M, Khan R A, Yusoff M K, Mokhtar M B and Toriman M E. (2009) Using chemometrics in assessing Langat River water quality and designing a costeffective water sampling strategy. Maejo International Journal of Science and Technology 3: 26–42.
Kawamura G and Bagarinao T. (1980). Fishing methods and gears in Panay Island, Philippines. Memories of Faculty of Fisheries Kagoshima University 29: 81–121.
Kawamura G, Bagarinao T, Yong A S K, Chen C Y, Noor S N M and Lim L S. (2015). Low pH affects survival, growth, size distribution, and carapace quality of the postlarvae and early juveniles of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man. Ocean Science Journal 50(2): 371–379.
Kingsford M J, Leis J M, Shanks A, Lindeman C, Morgan S G and Pineda J. (2002). Sensory environments, larval abilities and local self-recruitment. Bulletin of Marine Science 70: 309–340.
Lemonnier H, Bernard E, Boglio E, Goarant C and Cochard J C. (2004). Influence of sediment characteristics on shrimp physiology: pH as principle effect. Aquaculture 240(1–4): 297–312.
Main K L. (1987). Predator avoidance in seagrass meadows: prey behavior, microhabitat selection, and cryptic coloration. Ecology 68(1): 170–180.
Malley D F. (1980). Decreased survival and calcium uptake by the crayfish Orconectes virilis in low pH. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 37(3): 364–372.
Mesce K A. (1993). Morphological and physiological identification of chelar sensory structures in the hermit crab Pagurus hirsutiusculus. Journal of Crustacean Biology 13(1): 95–110.
Moksness P O, Pihl L and van Montfrans J. (1998). Predation on postlarvae and juveniles of the shore crab Carcinus maenas: importance of shelter, size and cannibalism. Marine Ecology Progress Series 166: 211–225.
Newman O and Dubuque C. (2013). The effects of ocean acidification on the food location behavior and locomotion of Pagurus longicarpus. Journal of Emerging Investigators 30: 1–6.
Norela S, Nurfatihah M Z, Maimon A and Ismail B S. (2009). Wet deposition in the residential area of the Nilai Industrial Park in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Journal of World Applied Science 7: 170–179.
Percot A, Viton C and Domard A. (2003). Optimization of chitin extraction from shrimp shells. Biomacromolecules 4(1): 12–18.
Prakash S and Kumar T T A. (2013). Feeding behavior of harlequin shrimp Hymenocera picta Dana, 1852 (Hymenoceridae) on sea star Linckia laevigata (Ophidiasteridae). Journal of Threatened Taxa 5(13): 4819–4821.
Reese E S. (1963). The behavioral mechanisms underlying shell selection by hermit crabs. Behaviour 21(1/2): 78–126.
Shuhaimi-Othman M, Ahmad A, Mushrifah I and Lim E C. (2008). Seasonal influence on water quality and heavy metals concentration in Tasik Chini, Peninsular Malaysia. In M Sengupta and R Dalwani (eds.). Proceedings of Taal 2007: The 12th World Lake Conference. New Delhi: Anamaya Publishers, 300–303.
Siegel S and Castellan N J Jr. (1988). Nonparametric statistics for the behavioral sciences, 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co.
Sin A and Agrawal M. (2008). Acid rain and its ecological consequences. Journal of Environmental Biology 29(1): 15–24.
Soper D S. (2014). Binomials probability confidence interval calculator. Available from: http:// www.danielsoper.com/statcalc/calculator.aspx?id=85 (accessed on 8 July 2016).
Sumari S M, Darus M D, Kantasamy N, Taib N I, Sinyaw S U and Othman I R. (2009). Composition of rainwater and aerosols at global atmospheric watch in Danum Valley, Sabah. The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences 13(1): 107–119.
Tucker C S and D’Abramo L R. (2008). Managing high pH in freshwater ponds. SRC Publication 4604. Stoneville, USA: South Regional Aquaculture Center.
Wainwright S A, Biggs W D, Currey J D and Gosline J M. (1976). Mechanical design in organisms. New York: John Wiley and Sons.