A Review of Gelatin Source Authentication Methods
Main Article Content
Abstract
Gelatin is a very popular pharmaceutical and food ingredient and the most studied ingredient in Halal researches. Interest in source gelatin authentication is based on religious and cultural beliefs, food fraud prevention and health issues. Seven gelatin authentication methods that have been developed include: nucleic acid based, immunochemical, electrophoretic analysis, spectroscopic, mass-spectrometric, chromatographic-chemometric and chemisorption methods. These methods are time consuming, and require capital intensive equipment with huge running cost. Reliability of gelatin authentication methods is challenged mostly by transformation of gelatin during processing and close similarities among gelatin structures. This review concisely presents findings and challenges in this research area and suggests needs for more researches on development of rapid authentication method and process-transformed gelatins.
Gelatin adalah bahan farmaseutikal dan makanan yang sangat terkenal serta menjadi ramuan yang paling banyak dikaji dalam bidang penyelidikan Halal. Asas galakan untuk diadakan pengesahan (autentikasi) sumber gelatin adalah disebabkan kepercayaan agama dan budaya, pencegahan penipuan makanan dan isu kesihatan. Tujuh kaedah pengesahan (autentikasi) gelatin yang telah dilaksanakan termasuk kaedah: berasaskan asid nuklik, imunokimia, analisis elektroforetik, spektroskopi, spektrometrik massa, kaedah kromatograf-kimometrik dan serapan kimia. Kaedah-kaedah ini memakan masa dan memerlukan peralatan bermodal intensif dengan kos yang besar. Keberkesanan kaedah pengesahan (autentikasi) gelatin adalah suatu cabaran besar disebabkan oleh transformasi gelatin semasa pemprosesan dan persamaan rapat diantara struktur gelatin. Kajian ini mengulas secara ringkas penemuan-penemuan dan cabaran-cabaran dalam bidang penyelidikan ini dan menyediakan cadangan untuk lebih banyak penyelidikan mengenai perkembangan kaedah pengesahan (autentikasi) yang pantas dan gelatin yang telah berubah akibat pemprosesan.
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