Alternative RNA Extraction Method in Vibrio vulnificus Infected BrownMarbled Grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus

Main Article Content

Fahmeeda Mohamad Jazamuddin
Wan Mohd Aizat
Hoe-Han Goh
Chen-Fei Low
Syarul Nataqain Baharum

Abstract


Vibriosis is a prevalent aquatic disease caused by Vibrio species and has led to massive loss of brown-marbled grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus. The complexity of molecular mechanisms associated with immune defence can be studied through transcriptomics analysis. High quality and quantity of total RNAs are crucial for the veracity of RNA sequencing and gene expression analysis. A low quality RNA will compromise downstream analysis, resulting in loss of time and revenue to re-acquire the data again. Thus, a reliable and an efficient RNA isolation method is the first and most important step to obtain high quality RNA for gene expression studies. There are many aspects need to be considered when deciding an extraction method, such as the cost-effectiveness of the protocol, the duration of chemical exposure, the duration required for a complete extraction and the number of sample-transferring. A good RNA extraction protocol must be able to produce high yield and purity of RNA free from enzyme inhibitors, such as nucleases (RNase), phenols, alcohols or other chemicals carryover, apart from protein and genomic DNA contamination, to maintain isolated RNA integrity in storage condition. In this study, TransZolTM Up produced clean and pure RNA samples from control gills only but not from the infected gill and whole-body tissues. Modified conventional CTAB (conventional hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide) method was then used as an alternative method to isolate RNA from gill and whole-body tissues of Vibrio-infected E. fuscoguttatus. Modified CTAB method produced intact RNA on gel electrophoresis with higher RIN number (>6.5) for infected gill and whole-body tissues, suggesting that this method could also be used to isolate high quality RNA from fish samples. Therefore, this method is potentially suitable to be used to extract RNA from other fish species especially those that have been infected.


 



Vibriosis adalah penyakit akuatik berleluasa yang disebabkan oleh spesies Vibrio dan telah menyebabkan kerugian yang besar terhadap spesis akuatik terutamanya kerapu harimau, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus. Kerumitan mekanisme molekul yang berkaitan dengan pertahanan imun ikan dapat dikaji melalui pendekatan seperti analisis transkriptomik. Kualiti dan kuantiti jumlah RNA yang tinggi adalah penting dalam ketepatan penjujukan RNA dan analisis pengekspresan gen. Kualiti RNA yang rendah akan menjejaskan analisis dan mengakibatkan kerugian masa dan wang sekiranya data perlu dianalisa semula. Oleh itu, kaedah pengekstrakan RNA yang andal dan cekap adalah langkap pertama dan paling penting untuk mendapatkan RNA jumlah yang berkualiti tinggi terutamanya bagi kajian pengekspresan gen. Terdapat banyak aspek yang perlu diambil kira apabila memilih kaedah pengekstrakan seperti keberkesanan protokol tersebut, tempoh pendedahan kimia, tempoh masa yang diambil untuk pengekstrakan dan bilangan pemindahan sampel. Protokol pengekstrakan RNA yang baik juga perlu dapat menghasilkan jumlah dan ketulenan RNA yang tinggi dan bebas daripada perencat enzim seperti nuklease (RNase), fenol, alkohol, sisa bahan kimia, protein, dan genomik DNA bagi memastikan keutuhan RNA yang diekstrak sentiasa dalam keadaan baik. Dalam kajian ini, TransZolTM Up Plus menghasilkan sampel RNA yang bersih dan tulen daripada tisu insang kawalan sahaja tetapi bukan daripada tisu insang yang dijangkiti dan juga tisu seluruh badan ikan. Kaedah konvensional CTAB (conventional hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide) yang diubah suai kemudiannya digunakan sebagai kaedah alternatif untuk mengasingkan RNA dari insang dan tisu badan E. fuscoguttatus yang dijangkiti Vibrio. Kaedah CTAB telah menghasilkan jalur RNA yang utuh pada elektroforesis gel dengan nilai RIN yang lebih tinggi (>6.5), maka kaedah ini juga sesuai dalam pengekstrakan RNA jumlah yang berkualiti tinggi daripada sampel E. fuscoguttatus. Oleh itu kaedah ini berpotensi untuk digunapakai dalam pengestrakan RNA daripada spesis ikan terutamanya yang telah dijangkiti penyakit.



Article Details

How to Cite
Alternative RNA Extraction Method in Vibrio vulnificus Infected BrownMarbled Grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus. (2019). Tropical Life Sciences Research, 30(2), 201–209. https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2019.30.2.15
Section
Short Communication

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