Condition Index, Reproduction and Feeding of Three Non-Obligatory Riverine Mekong Cyprinids in Different Environments
Main Article Content
Abstract
Condition index, reproduction and feeding of three non-obligatory riverine Mekong cyprinids namely Hampala dispar, Hampala macrolepidota and Osteochilus vittatus were examined. The samples were from the Nam Ngiep (NN) River and Bueng Khong Long (BKL) Swamp, which are the representative of the lotic- and lentic-environments, respectively. These two habitats lay in the same geographical area but on the opposite banks of the Mekong mainstream. The samplings were conducted between May 2017 and April 2018. There were 365 H. dispar, 259 H. macrolepidota and 298 O. vittatus samples in this study. The condition index of all three species were beyond 90% implying they can live well in both lotic and lentic environments. Reproductions of all three species were taken place in both environments with two peaks at the onset and end of rainy season. The samples from BKL showed early maturation than NN samples in all three (3) species. Feeding plasticity, though dominant by insects, was observed in Hampala spp., while O. vittatus can utilise any available detritus in both environments. Results clearly show that all the three selected non-obligatory riverine fish species can live very well in either lotic or lentic environments and imply that they can adjust themselves to reservoir environment.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Amarasinghe U S, Weliange W S, Kakkaeo M, Villanueva M C and Moreau J. (2008). Diel feeding pattern and food consumption of selected fish populations in Asian reservoirs. In: F Schiemer, D Simon, U S Amarasinghe and J Moreau (Eds.). Aquatic ecosystem and development: Comparative Asian perspectives. Leiden, the Netherlands: Biology of Inland Waters, Backhuys Publishers, 249–263.
Angermeier P L and Karr J R. (1983). Fish communities along environmental gradients in a system of tropical streams. Environmental Biology of Fishes 9(2): 117–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00690857
Baird I G. (2007). Fishes and forests: The importance of seasonality flooded riverine habitat for Mekong River fish feeding. Natural History Bulletin - Siam Society 55(1): 121–148.
Baran E. (2006). Fish migration triggers in the Lower Mekong Basin and other tropical freshwater systems. MRC Tech. Pap. No. 14, Mekong River Commission, Vientiane Laos.
Blažek R, Pola?ik M and Reichard M. (2013). Rapid growth, early maturation and short generation time in African annual fishes. EvoDevo 4: 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/2041-9139-4-24.
Costa-Pierce B A and Soemarwoto O. (eds). (1990). Reservoir Fisheries and Aquaculture Development for Resettlement in Indonesia. ICLARM contribution; no. 612 The International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management (ICLARM), Manila.
Dugan P, Barlow C, Agostinho A, Baran E, Cada G, Chen D, Cowx I et al. (2010). Fish migration, dams, and loss of ecosystem service in the Mekong Basin. Ambio 39: 344–348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-010-0036-1
Ferguson J W, Healey M, Dugan P and Barlow C. (2011). Potential effects of dams on migratory fish in the Mekong River: lessons from salmon in the Fraser and Columbia rivers. Environmental Management 47:141–159. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-010-9563-6
Froese R and Pauly D (Eds.). (2017). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. http://www.fishbase.org (Accessed on 15 March 2019).
Froese R. (2006). Cube law, condition factor and weight-length relationships: history, metaanalysis and recommendations. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 22: 241–253. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2006.00805.x
Gray S C, De Silva S S, Ingram B A and Gooley G J. (2000). Effects of river impoundment on body condition and reproductive performance of the Australian native fish, Macquarie perch (Macquaria australasica). Lake and Reservoir Management 5: 281–291. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1770.2000.00122.x
Halls A S and Kshatriya M. (2009). Modelling the cumulative barrier and passage effects of mainstream hydropower dams on migratory fish populations in the Lower Mekong Basin. MRC Tech. Pap. No. 25. Mekong River Commission, Vientiane Laos.
Han M, Fukushima M, Kameyama S, Fukushima T and Matsushita B. (2008). How do dams affect freshwater fish distributions in Japan? Statistical analysis of native and nonnative species with various life histories. Ecological Research 23: 735–743. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-007-0432-6
Hanjavanit C and Sangpradub N. (2012). Gut contents of Osteochilus hasselti (Valenciennes, 1842) and Thynnichthys thynnoides (Bleeker, 1852) from Kaeng Lawa, Khon Kaen Province, Northeastern Thailand. African Journal of Agricultural Research 7(10): 1556–1561. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR11.1483
Hofmann H, Lorke A and Peeters F. (2008). Temporal scales of water-level fluctuations in lakes and their ecological implications. Hydrobiologia 613: 85–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-008-9474-1
Hunter A, Speirs D C and Heath M R. (2015). Fishery-induced changes to age and length dependent maturation schedules of three demersal fish species in the Firth of Clyde. Fisheries Research 170: 14–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2015.05.004
International Centre for Environmental Management (ICEM). (2010). MRC Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) of hydropower on the Mekong mainstream: summary of the final report. Hanoi, Viet Nam.
Jutagate T, Thappanand T and Tabthipwan P. (2007). Is the sluice gates’ management beneficial for spawning migration? The case of shark catfish (Helicophagus waandersii) in the Mun below Pak Mun Dam, Thailand. River Research and Applications 23: 87–97. https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.945
Kakkaeo M, Chittapalapong T and Villanueva M C. (2004). Food habits, daily ration and relative food consumption in some fish populations in Ubolratana Reservoir, Thailand. Asian Fisheries Science 17: 249–259.
Kruk A. (2006). Self-organizing maps in revealing variation in non-obligatory riverine fish in long-term data. Hydrobiologia 553: 43–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-005-5173-3
Kruk A. and Penczak T. (2003). Impoundment impact on populations of facultative riverine fish. International Journal of Limnology 39(3): 197–210. https://doi.org/10.1051/limn/2003016
Lim P, Lek S, Touch S T and Mao S O. (1999). Diversity and spatial distribution of freshwater fish in Great Lake and Tonle Sap river (Cambodia, Southeast Asia). Aquatic Living resources 12(6): 379–386. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0990-7440(99)00107-2
Lloret J, Shulman G and Love R M. (2014). Condition and health indicators of exploited marine fishes. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118752777
Magnussen E. (2007). Interpopulation comparison of growth patterns of 14 fish species on Faroe Bank: are all fishes on the bank fast-growing? Journal of Fish Biology 71: 453–475. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01502.x
Makmur S, Arfiati D, Bintoro G and Ekawati A W. (2014). Food habit of hampala (Hampala macrolepidota Kuhl & Van Hasselt 1823) and its position in food web, food pyramid and population equilibrium of ranau lake, Indonesia. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES) 4(6): 167–177.
Malisa Ilyana Mohd Alias, Kamarul Hambali, Aainaa Amir, Norashikin Fauzi, Hizami Hassin and Sow Ai Yin. (2019). Checklist of fishes at Pergau Lake, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia. Tropical Life Sciences Research 30(1): 161–167. https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2019.30.1.10
Manorama M and Ramanujam S N. (2017). Reproductive cycle of the endemic and threatened fish Puntius shalynius (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in Meghalaya, India. Revista de Biología Tropical 65(1): 255–265. https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v65i1.23406
Marmulla G. (Ed). (2001). Dams, fish and fisheries: Opportunities, challenges and conflict resolution. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 419. FAO, Rome, Italy.
Mekong River Commission (MRC). (2003): Mekong fish database. Phnom Penh, Cambodia: Mekong River Commission.
Nunez L A. (2012). Reproductive potential and maturity staging of Greenland Halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides, Walbaum). Master diss, University of Tromso.
Rainboth W J. (1996). Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Riedel R , Caskey L M and Hurlbert H S. (2007). Length-weight relations and growth rates of dominant fishes of the Salton Sea: implications for predation by fish eating birds. Lake and Reservoir Management 23(5): 528–535. https://doi.org/10.1080/07438140709354036
Setyaningrum N, Sugiharto S and Hidayah H A. (2017). The gonad maturity of female Osteochillus vittatus in the presence of ascorbic acid. Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education 9(2): 257–264. https://doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i2.9848
Suvarnaraksha A, Lek S, Lek-Ang S and Jutagate T. (2011). Life history of the riverine cyprinid Henicorhynchus siamensis (Sauvage, 1881) in a small reservoir. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 27: 995–1000. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01619.x
Termvidchakorn A and Hortle K G. (2013). A guide to larvae and juveniles of some common fish species from the Mekong River Basin. MRC Technical Paper No. 38, Mekong River Commission, Phnom Penh Cambodia.
Valbo-Jørgensen J, Coates D and Hortle K. (2010). Fish diversity in the Mekong River Basin. In: Campbell I C. (Ed.), The Mekong: biophysical environment of an international river basin. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 161–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374026-7.00008-5
Winfield I J and Nelson J S. (1991). Cyprinid fishes: Systematics, biology and exploitation. London; New York: Chapman and Hall. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3092-9
Wootton R J, Elvira B and Baker J A. (2000). Life-history evolution, biology and conservation of stream fish: introductory note. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 9: 90–91. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.16000633.2000.90110.x
Yap S Y. (1988). Food resource utilization partitioning of fifteen fish species at Bukit Merah Reservoir, Malaysia. Hydrobiologia 157: 143–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00006967
Yoneda M and Wright P J. (2005). Effect of temperature and food available on reproductive investment of first-time spawning male Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. ICES Journal of Marine Science 62: 1387–1393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2005.04.018.
Zacharia P U. (2014). Trophic levels and methods for stomach content analysis of fishes. Summer School on Advanced Methods for Fish Stock Assessment and Fisheries Management. Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, India, 12 July–1 Augusat 2017.
Zakeyuddin M S, Isa M M, Md Rawi C S, Md Sah A S R and Ahmad A H. (2017). Terrestrial insects as the main food for freshwater fish in Sungai Kerian tributaries: an implication on habitat conservation. Sains Malaysiana 46(6): 833–843. https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4606-01
Ziv G, Baran E, Nam S, Rodríguez-Iturbe I and Levin S A. (2012). Trading-off fish biodiversity, food security, and hydropower in the Mekong River Basin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109(15): 5609–5614. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1201423109