Bacillus cereus for Controlling Bacterial Heart Rot in Pineapple var. MD2
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Abstract
Bacterial heart rot (BHR) disease caused by pathogenic bacteria, Dickeya zeae, is one of the destructive diseases of pineapple worldwide. This study explored the potential of Bacillus cereus against the BHR pathogen in vitro and in vivo. The BHR causal pathogen was isolated from symptomatic pineapple plants, demonstrating water-soaked and rotten basal tissues. Biological control agent (BCA) was isolated from asymptomatic pineapple leaves, later confirmed as B. cereus, and subsequently tested for the antagonistic activity against the BHR pathogen via disc diffusion assay and glasshouse trial. B. cereus showed the ability to inhibit the growth of BHR pathogen with 18.10 ± 0.36 mm of inhibition zone in diameter. The ability of B. cereus against the BHR pathogen was further confirmed via the glasshouse trial with five treatments. The results showed that treatments with B. cereus inoculation recorded lower disease severity index of 0.04 ± 0.01 than the positive control treatment with pathogen alone (0.53 ± 0.04). This finding indicated that B. cereus has a great potential as BCA against BHR disease in pineapple var. MD2, however, the effectiveness of this isolate needs to be further tested under actual field conditions.
Penyakit reput teras (BHR) yang disebabkan oleh bakteria patogen, Dickeya zeae, ialah salah satu penyakit yang merosakkan tanaman nanas di seluruh dunia. Kajian ini mengkaji potensi Bacillus cereus sebagai agen kawalan penyakit BHR secara in vitro dan in vivo. Patogen BHR dipencilkan daripada tumbuhan nanas yang mempunyai simptom penyakit seperti tisu daun menjadi lepuh, berair dan busuk. Ejen kawalan biologi diasingkan daripada daun nanas yang tidak mempunyai penyakit, dan dikenal pasti sebagai sebagai B. cereus, dan seterusnya diuji untuk aktiviti antagonis terhadap patogen BHR melalui melalui ujian disc diffusion dan penelitian di rumah kaca. B. cereus menunjukkan keupayaan untuk menghalang pertumbuhan patogen BHR dengan 18.10 ± 0.36 mm diameter zon perencatan. Keupayaan B. cereus terhadap patogen BHR telah disahkan lagi melalui penelitian di rumah kaca dengan lima rawatan. Keputusan menunjukkan rawatan dengan inokulasi B. cereus mencatatkan indeks keterukan penyakit yang lebih rendah sebanyak 0.04 ± 0.01 daripada rawatan kawalan positif dengan patogen sahaja (0.53 ± 0.04). Penemuan ini menunjukkan bahawa B. cereus mempunyai potensi yang besar sebagai BCA terhadap penyakit BHR dalam varian nanas MD2, bagaimanapun, keberkesanan pengasingan ini perlu diuji lagi di bawah keadaan lapangan sebenar.
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