Satu Analisis Ketepatan Terjemahan Chengyu dalam Novel Jia (Keluarga) ke dalam Bahasa Melayu (An Analysis of the Accuracy of Chengyu Translation in the Novel Jia [Family] into Malay)

Abstract

This paper discusses the translation of chengyu meanings into Malay. Chengyu is a subcategory of Chinese proverbs with a form and meaning that is simple, fixed and compact. Research data includes 208 data collected manually from the novel Jia (Family). For the purpose of data collection and analysis, this study utilises the definition of translation and the text comparison method proposed by Larson as well as the definition and categorisation of chengyu proposed by Wu Zhan Kun and Wang Qin. The results of the data analysis show that there are occurrences of equivalent meaning, reduced meaning, added meaning, zero meaning and different meaning. In fact, more than one condition may be present simultaneously. Accurate translation is achieved because there are similarities or near-similarities in thinking concepts between the source language and the target language. Chengyu with missing meaning, exaggerated meaning, zero meaning or meaning different from the original occurs due to linguistic and extralinguistic constraints as well as human negligence. There must be a strong grasp of the two main processes leading the translation activities, the derivation and conveyance of meaning from the source text.

Makalah ini membincangkan penterjemahan makna chengyu ke dalam bahasa Melayu. Chengyu ialah subkategori peribahasa Cina yang bentuk dan maknanya bersifat ringkas, tetap dan padat. Data kajian melibatkan 208 data yang dikutip secara manual daripada novel Jia (Keluarga). Bagi tujuan pengumpulan dan penganalisisan data, kajian ini memanfaatkan definisi penterjemahan dan kaedah perbandingan teks yang diutarakan oleh Larson serta definisi dan pengkategorian chengyu yang dikemukakan oleh Wu Zhan Kun dan Wang Qin. Hasil pencerakinan data menunjukkan bahawa wujudnya keadaan persamaan makna, pengurangan makna, penambahan makna, pengosongan makna dan perbezaan makna. Malahan, lebih daripada satu keadaan tersebut boleh hadir secara serentak. Terjemahan tepat tercapai kerana wujudnya persamaan atau hampir sama antara konsep pemikiran dalam bahasa sumber dengan bahasa sasaran. Perihal makna chengyu tertinggal, ditokok tambah, dikosongkan ataupun berbeza daripada makna asal didapati berpunca daripada kekangan linguistik dan ekstralinguistik serta kecuaian manusia. Penguasaan dua proses utama yang menerajui aktiviti penterjemahan, iaitu pemerolehan dan penjelmaan semula makna dalam teks sumber mestilah berada pada tahap yang tinggi.