Genotoxicity Assessment of Water Samples from the Sungai Dua River in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Using the Allium cepa Test
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Abstract
Unwanted side effects from a polluted water body may not be limited to the flora and fauna, they may also be transferred to the organisms along the food chain. Four water samples collected immediately and five days after rainfall from two locations inside the polluted Sungai Dua River (SGD) were tested for toxicity using the Allium cepa assay. The samples were analysed for metal content and were both macroscopically and microscopically evaluated. The water samples contained more sodium (Na+) and calcium (Ca2+) than the control tap water, and they showed root growth and mitotic inhibitions (MI) in A. cepa. However, the inhibitory effects were not dose-dependent. No chromosomal aberration (CA) was induced at 100.00% (undiluted water sample). These results suggest the water samples from SGD had weak mitodepressive and genotoxic effects on the A. cepa cells.
Kesan sampingan yang tidak diingini daripada sumber air tercemar bukan hanya terhad kepada flora dan fauna, tetapi boleh juga dipindahkan kepada organisma melalui rantai makanan yang sama. Empat sampel air yang diambil sebaik sahaja hujan berhenti dan lima hari selepas itu daripada dua lokasi daripada Sungai Sungai Dua (SGD) diuji ketoksikannya menggunakan asai Allium cepa. Sampel air dianalisis untuk kandungan metal dan juga dinilai secara makroskopik dan mikroskopik. Sampel mengandungi natrium (Na+) dan kalsium (Ca2+) melebihi air paip yang digunakan sebagai kawalan, dan menunjukkan perencatan ke atas pertumbuhan akar dan mitosis dalam A. cepa. Walau bagaimanapun, kesan perencatan adalah tidak bergantung kepada dos. Tiada aberasi kromosom diaruh pada kepekatan 100.00% (sampel yang tidak dicairkan). Keputusan ini mungkin melambangkan kesan mitodepresif dan genotoksik yang lemah oleh sampel air daripada SGD ke atas sel A. cepa.
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