Intervensi Inklusif Sukan Terhadap Murid Gangguan Kecelaruan Tumpuan dan Hiperaktif (ADHD) (Sport Inclusion Intervention towards Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder [ADHD] Student)
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Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a form of disruption to the brain often experienced by growing children. ADHD children are often labelled as naughty by some. There are several forms of treatment that can be taken against this disorder such as the use of medication. However, the use of medicine will side effect such as loss appetite, disrupting sleep time and anxiety. This study was conducted by observing and recording anecdotes as a means of collecting data. The subject was an ADHD student who had undergone academic inclusiveness and also a special need athlete. The purpose of the study was to explore the effects of sports inclusive intervention on the negative, physical behaviour and social of the student. The findings of the study show that sports inclusion interventions can reduce the negative behaviour of ADHD students and can be an alternative to medication treatment. The effect of this intervention is more harmonious with no side effects and impact for a long time. Sports activities also have goals such as the Individual Teaching Plan concept. In Malaysia, sports intervention is quite new in the Integrated Special Education Program. The impact of this study is expected to open the mind of all parties to make sure that sport activities for special needs students is conducted for the purpose of treatment. The cooperation of all parties including parents is important in this alternative treatment.
Gangguan kecelaruan tumpuan dan hiperaktif (ADHD) merupakan satu bentuk gangguan terhadap otak yang sering dialami oleh kanak-kanak yang sedang membesar. Kanak-kanak ADHD sering dilabelkan sebagai nakal oleh sesetengah orang. Terdapat beberapa bentuk rawatan yang boleh dijalankan terhadap gangguan ini, contohnya penggunaan ubatan. Namun, rawatan dengan menggunakan ubat-ubatan ini memberi kesan seperti rangsangan yang mengurangkan selera makan, mengganggu waktu tidur dan mewujudkan masalah gangguan lain seperti perasaan bimbang secara berlebihan. Kajian ini dilakukan secara kajian kes dengan menjadikan pemerhatian dan catatan anekdot sebagai kaedah pengumpulan data. Peserta kajian merupakan seorang murid ADHD yang pernah menjalani inklusif akademik dan merupakan atlit pelapis bagi acara sukan balapan dan padang pendidikan khas. Tujuan kajian ini ialah meneroka kesan intervensi inklusif sukan terhadap tingkah laku negatif, fizikal dan sosial murid tersebut. Dapatan kajian mendapati intervensi inklusif sukan boleh mengurangkan tingkah laku negatif murid ADHD dan boleh menjadi alternatif kepada rawatan menerusi penggunaan ubatan. Kesan intervensi ini juga lebih harmonis tanpa kesan sampingan dan memberi kesan bagi tempoh masa yang panjang. Aktiviti sukan juga mempunyai matlamat seperti konsep Rancangan Pengajaran Individu (RPI). Di Malaysia, intervensi sukan boleh dikatakan perkara baru dalam Program Pendidikan Khas Integrasi (PPKI). Impak kajian ini diharapkan mampu membuka minda semua pihak agar aktiviti kesukanan yang dijalankan bagi tujuan rawatan memerlukan matlamat serta memperkasakan konsep inklusif sukan untuk semua murid berkeperluan khas. Kerjasama semua pihak termasuk ibu bapa juga penting dalam rawatan alternatif ini.
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