Hubungan Konflik Keluarga dengan Perlakuan Buli dalam Kalangan Murid Sekolah yang Mempunyai Kecenderungan Membuli The Relationship between Family Conflict and Bullying among School Students Who have a Tendency to Bully
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the relationship between family conflict and the level of bullying behaviour among male students in secondary school since bullying has become a very critical issue in schools. A survey was conducted in Malaysia that involved 480 male students, who were purposely selected through The Level Bullying Behaviour (TTLB) questionnaire instrument. The Family Conflict Frequency Questionnaire (KKK) was used to measure the level of student’s family conflict. KKK used the Likert scale which applied a scale of 1–5 to identify the level of family conflict for students. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics i.e., Pearson correlation coefficient test were used to analyse the data that indicated ‘low moderate’ level of bullying behaviour among male students. The study also found that there was a significant relationship between family conflict variables with levels of bullying behaviour among the sample. One of the significant implications of this study is that family conflict factors should be given serious attention and considered in planning intervention programs to curb and prevent the bullying phenomena from escalating into other serious problems in schools. IT is suggested that this study should be expanded to other states in a nationwide study and should include both female and male students in order to understand and grasp the seriousness and extent of bullying problems among secondary school students.
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Abdul Malek Abdul Rahman. (2004). The effectiveness of cognitive behavior group counseling on bullies amongst the secondary schools pupils. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Argenbright, G. C., & Edgell, L. A. (1999). Taking a stand against bullying behaviour: Helping to make our schools safer for all children. [Unpublished manuscript].
Chesterfield County Public Schools, Richmond, VA. Bandura, A. (1973). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Berthold, K. A., & Hoover, J. H. (2000). Correlates of bullying and victimization among intermediate students in the Midwestern USA. School Psychology International, 21(1), 65–78.
Bjereld, Y., K. Daneback, K., & Petzold, M. (2017). Do bullied children have poor relationships with their parents and teachers? A cross-sectional study of Swedish children. Children and Youth Services Review, 73(2017), 347–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.01.012
Bjorkqvist, K., Osterman, K., & Kaukiainen. A. (1992). The development of direct and indirect aggressive strategies in males and females. In K. Bjorkqvist, & P. Niemela (Eds.). Of mice and women: Aspects of female aggression (pp. 51–64). New York: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-102590-8.50010-6
Card, N. A., Stucky, B. D., Sawalani, G. M., & Little, T. D. (2008). Direct and indirect aggression during childhood and adolescence: A meta-analytic review of gender differences, intercorrelations, and relations to maladjustment. Child Development, 79(5), 1185–229. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01184.x
Cook, C. R., Williams, K. R., Guerra, N. G., Kim, T. E., & Sadek, S. (2010). Predictors of bullying and victimization in childhood and adolescence: A meta-analytic investigation. School Psychology Quarterly, 25(2), 65. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020149
Cummings, E. M., Davies, P. T., & Simpson, K. S. (1994). Marital conflict, gender, and children’s appraisals and coping efficacy as mediators of child adjustment. Journal of Family Psychology, 8, 141–149. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.8.2.141
Department of Education. (An Roinn Oideachais). (1993). Guidelines on countering bullying behaviour in schools. Dublin: The Stationery Office.
de Andrade, M. H. B., Gomes, M., C., Granville-Garcia, A. F., & Menezes, V. A. (2019). Bullying among adolescents and school, measures to tackle it. Cadernos Saúde Coletiva, 27(3), 325– 330. https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-462X201900030147
Emery, R. E. (1982). Interparental conflict and the children of discord and divorce. Psychological Bulletin, 92(2), 310.
Frosch, C. A., Mangelsdorf, S. C., & McHale, J. L. (2000). Marital behavior and the security of preschooler-parent attachment relationships. Journal of Family Psychology 14, 144–161. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.14.1.144
Grych, J. H., Wachsmuth, S. T., & Klockow, L. L. (2002). Interparental aggression and young children’s representations of family relationships. Journal of Family Psychology, 16, 259–272. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.16.3.259
Harold, G. T., Leve, L. D., Elam, K. K., Thapar, A., Neiderhiser, J. M., Natsuaki, M. N., ... & Reiss, D. (2013). The nature of nurture: Disentangling passive genotype–environment correlation from family relationship influences on children’s externalizing problems. Journal of Family Psychology, 27(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031190
Hellstrom, L., & Beckman, L. (2020). Adolescents’ perception of gender differences in bullying. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 61, 90–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12523
Hoover, J., & Hazler, R. J. (1991). Bullies and victims. Elementary School Guidance & Counseling, 25(3), 212–219.
Jamalsafri Saibon. (2002). Hubungan antara struktur keluarga dan attachmen kepada ibu bapa dengan delinkuen juvana dalam kalangan murid Melayu. Research report, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang.
Jamalsafri Saibon & Ahmad Zamri Khairani. (2010). Hubungan antara status sosial murid dengan tahap tingkah laku buli. Malaysian Education Deans’ Council Journal, 5, 56–67.
Jamalsafri Saibon, Amelia Chiew Har Leong, & Muhamad Zahir Abd. Razak. (2017). Enhancing knowledge of bullying behavior through creative pedagogy among students. Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction, Special Issue, 197–219. https://doi.org/10.32890/mjli.2017.7803
Jamalsafri Saibon, Karim, F., & Mahmud, Z. (2010). Sifat maskulin dan tingkah laku membuli. Malaysian Journal of Education, 35(1), 77–82.
Jenkins, J. M., & Smith, M. A. (1991). Marital disharmony and children’s behaviour problems: aspects of a poor marriage that affect children adversely. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 32(5), 793–810.
Kaluarachchi, C., Warren, M., & Jiang, F. (2020). Responsible use of technology to combat Cyberbullying among adolescents. Australasian Journal of Information Systems, 24, 1–17.
Lindahl, K. M., & Malik, N. M. (1999). Marital conflict, family processes, and boys’ externalizing behavior in Hispanic American and European American families. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology 28, 12–24. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp2801_2
Marta E., & Alfieri, S. (2014). Family conflicts. In A. C. Michalos (Ed.), Encyclopedia of quality of life and well-being research. Dordrecht: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_997
Noran Fauziah Yaakub. (2002, December). Insiden buli di kalangan pelajar sekolah menengah: Implikasi kepada pengurusan sekolah. Paper presented at Seminar Nasional Pengurusan dan Kepimpinan Pendidikan Ke-11, Institut Aminuddin Baki, pp. 261–272.
Noran Fauziah Yaakub. (2004). Masalah disiplin di kalangan murid sekolah rendah. Paper presented at Seminar Hala Tuju Pendidikan Prima: Cabaran & Harapan, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.
Noran Fauziah Yaakub. (2006). Hentikan buli di sekolah anda: Panduan sekolah menengah. Petaling Jaya: Sutrapadu.
Noran Fauziah Yaakub, Fatimah Haron, & Goh, C. L. (2010). Examining the efficacy of the Olweus prevention programme in reducing bullying: The Malaysian experience. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 5, 595–598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.148
Olweus, D. (1977). Aggression and peer acceptance in adolescent boys: Two short-term longitudinal studies of ratings. Child Development, 48, 1301–1313. https://doi.org/10.2307/1128488
Olweus, D. (1991). Bully/victim problem among school children: Basic facts and effects of a schoolbased intervention program. In K. Rubin, & D. Pepler (Eds.), The development and treatment of childhood aggression (pp. 411–488). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
Olweus, D. (1997). Bully/victim problems in school: Facts and intervention. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 12(4), 49–510.
Rigby, K. (1996). Bullying in school and what to do about it. Melbourne: The Australian Council for Educational Research Ltd.
Rigby, K. (2000). Effects of peer victimisation in schools and perceived social support on adolescent well-being. Journal of Adolescence, 23(1), 57–68.
Rivara, F., & Le Menestrel, S. (Eds.). (2016). Preventing bullying through science, policy, and practice. Washington, DC: National Academics Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/23482
Scheithauer, H., Hayer, T., Petermann, F., & Jugert, G. (2006). Physical, verbal, and relational forms of bullying among German students: Age trends, gender differences, and correlates. Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression, 32(3), 261–275.
Slaby, R. G., & Guerra, N. G. (1988). Cognitive mediators of aggression in adolescent offenders: 1. Assessment. Developmental Psychology 24, 580–588. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.24.4.580
Smith P. K., Pepler, D., & Rigby, K. (Eds.). (2004). Bullying in schools: How successful can interventions be? Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511584466
Smith, P. K., & Sharp, S. (Eds.). (1994). School bullying: Insights and perspectives. London: Routledge.
Straus, M. A., Hamby, S. L., Boney-McCoy, S., & Sugarman, D. B. (1995). The revised conflict tactics scales (CTS2). Durham: University of New Hampshire, Family Research Laboratory. https://doi.org/10.1037/t02126-000
Swearer, S. M., & Hymel, S. (2015). Understanding the psychology of bullying: Moving toward a social-ecological diathesis–stress model. American Psychologist 70(4), 344–353. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038929
Ttofi, M. M., & Farrington, D. P. (2011). Effectiveness of school-based programs to reduce bullying: A systematic and meta-analytic review. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 7, 27–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-010-9109-1
Uba, I., Yaacob, S. N., Juhari, R., & Talib, M. A. (2010). Effect of self-esteem on the relationship between depression and bullying among teenagers in Malaysia. Asian Social Science, 6(12), 77–85.
Van Noorden, T. H. J., Bukowski, W. M., Haselager, G. J. T., & Cillessen, A. H. N. (2016). Disentangling the frequency and severity of bullying and victimization in the association with empathy. Social Development, 25, 176–192. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12133
Walker, G. A. (2003). Conflict resolution skills and antisocial/aggressive behavior in a rural middle school population. Spalding University