Design and Pilot of PRISM: An Observational Checklist for Parental Shared Book Reading Strategies in Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Abstract
Shared book reading (SBR) is an activity in which adults read a book together with a child and is used as an intervention activity to enhance children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)’s language skills. This is brought about by the employment of language and engagement strategies during SBR. However, there are inexperienced parents who do not employ these strategies during SBR, hence, professional guidance is needed, which can be facilitated with tools such as an observation checklist. This study aims to develop and validate an observation checklist that incorporates language and engagement strategies for assessing SBR sessions, and pilot the observation checklist using video data of parent-child SBR sessions by assessing the types and frequencies of strategies employed. The initial draft of the observation checklist, named Parental Reading Interaction Strategies Measure (PRISM) was developed based on a review of literature on SBR and language and engagement strategies. After development of the checklist items, the observation checklist was sent to a panel of eight experts to assess its content validity. Then, the checklist was piloted with two parent-child SBR session videos. Content validation results indicated that all items had an Item-Level Content Validity Index (I-CVI) of 1.0, and the checklist had a Scale-Level Content Validity Index (S-CVI) of 1.0. Pilot study results revealed that PRISM was able to capture and compare the types and frequencies of language and engagement strategies used by each parent. This data provides insights into the skills of parents of children with ASD during SBR session and has demonstrated the utility of PRISM in research, parental coaching and early language intervention.
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