Impak Pembelajaran Transformatif dalam Kalangan Guru Pendidikan Khas yang Mengajar Pelajar Autisme (The Impact of Transformative Learning on Special Education Teachers who Teach Autistic Students)

Main Article Content

Ka Mei Wong
Zulkifli Hamisan@Khair
Muhammed Fauzi Othman

Abstract


This study explores the impact of transformative learning on special education teachers who teach autistic students. This qualitative study approach, incorporating the semi-structured interview method and Focus Group Discussion, was used for data collection. A purposive sampling of 10 special education teachers, serving in schools under the Malaysian Ministry of Education that implemented the Special Education Integration Program (PPKI), were selected as informants. The findings showed that the impacts of transformative learning on special education teachers who teach autistic students included emotional, behavioural, and thinking changes.


 


Kajian ini dijalankan untuk meneroka impak pembelajaran transformatif dalam kalangan guru pendidikan khas yang mengajar pelajar autisme. Kajian kualitatif ini menggunakan kaedah temu bual separa berstruktur dan Perbincangan Kumpulan Fokus (PKF) untuk mengumpul data. Dengan menggunakan persampelan bertujuan, 10 orang guru pendidikan khas yang berkhidmat di Sekolah Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia yang melaksanakan Program Pendidikan Khas Integrasi (PPKI) telah dipilih sebagai informan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan antara impak pembelajaran transformatif kepada guru pendidikan khas yang mengajar pelajar autisme merangkumi perubahan emosi, perubahan tingkah laku, dan perubahan pemikiran.

Article Details

Section
Articles

References

Abu Bakar, N., & Baijuri, I. Z. (2020). Understanding special education teachers’ perspectives on professionalism in educating autistic students. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(1), 34–41.

Alase, A. (2017). The interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA): A guide to a good qualitative research approach. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 5(2), 9–19. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.5n.2p.9

Amran, H. A., Majid, R. A., & Ali, M. M. (2019). Cabaran guru pendidikan khas pada abad ke-21. International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 4(26), 113–122.

Aspfors, J., & Fransson, G. (2015). Research on mentor education for mentors of newly qualified teachers: A qualitative meta-synthesis. Teaching and Teacher Education, 48, 75–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2015.02.004

Bell, H. L., Gibson, H. J., Tarrant, M. A., Perry, L. G., & Stoner, L. (2016). Transformational learning through study abroad: US students’ reflections on learning about sustainability in the South Pacific. Leisure Studies, 35(4), 389–405. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2014.962585

Berg, C., Philipp, R., & Taff, S. D. (2019). Critical thinking and transformational learning: Using case studies as narrative frameworks for threshold concepts. Journal of Occupational Therapy Education, 3(3), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.26681/jote.2019.030313

Borg, S., Clifford, I., & Htut, K. P. (2018). Having an EfECT: Professional development for teacher educators in Myanmar. Teaching and Teacher Education, 72, 75–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2018.02.010

Boyd, P., & Ash, A. (2018). Mastery mathematics: Changing teacher beliefs around in-class grouping and mindset. Teaching and Teacher Education, 75, 214–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2018.06.016

Carpenter, J. P., & Linton, J. N. (2016). Edcamp unconferences: Educators’ perspectives on an untraditional professional learning experience. Teaching and Teacher Education, 57, 97–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.03.004

Carpenter, J. P., & Linton, J. N. (2018). Educators’ perspectives on the impact of Edcamp unconference professional learning. Teaching and Teacher Education, 73, 56–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2018.03.014

Carrington, S., Mercer, K. L., Iyer, R., & Selva, G. (2015). The impact of transformative learning in a critical service-learning program on teacher development: Building a foundation for inclusive teaching. Reflective Practice, 16(1), 61–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623943.2014.969696

Chua, Y. P. (2011). Kaedah dan statistik penyelidikan (Buku 2). Asas Statistik Penyelidikan. Kuala Lumpur: McGraw Hill.

Coutts, L. (2018). Selecting motivating repertoire for adult piano students: A transformative pedagogical approach. British Journal of Music Education, 35(3), 285–299. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265051718000074

Cresswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed approaches (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

DeCapua, A., Marshall, H. W., & Frydland, N. (2018). The transformational learning journey of a novice ESL teacher of low-literate adults. Journal of Transformative Education, 16(1), 17–38. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541344617704645

Duggal, C., Dua, B., Chokhani, R., & Sengupta, K. (2020). What works and how: Adult learner perspectives on an autism intervention training program in India. Autism, 24(1), 246–257. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361319856955

Ghazali, D. (2017). Metodologi penyelidikan dalam pendidikan: Amalan dan analisis kajian. Selangor: Penerbit Universiti Malaya.

Hasnah Toran, Mohd Hanafi Mohd Yasin, Mohd Mokhtar Tahar, & Norani Salleh. (2010). Tahap latihan, pengetahuan dan keyakinan guru-guru pendidikan khas tentang autisme (Special educators’ level of training, knowledge and confidence of autism). Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia. 35(1), 19–26.

Howie, P., & Bagnall, R. (2015). A critical comparison of transformation and deep approach theories of learning. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 34(3), 348–365. https://doi.org/10.1080/02601370.2014.1000409

Hyland-Russell, T., & Syrnyk, C. (2015). Challenging change: transformative education for economically disadvantaged adult learners. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 34(5), 514–529. https://doi.org/10.1080/02601370.2015.1030349

Isa Anshori. (2018). Melacak state of the art fenomenologi dalam kajian ilmu-ilmu sosial. Halaqa: Islamic Education Journal, 2(2), 165–181. https://doi.org/10.21070/halaqa.v2i2.1814

Lange, E., & Young, S. (2019). Gender-based violence as difficult knowledge: Pedagogies for rebalancing the masculine and the feminine. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 38(3), 301–326. https://doi.org/10.1080/02601370.2019.1597932

Litzelman, D. K., Gardner, A., Einterz, R. M., Owiti, P., Wambui, C., Huskins, J. C., & Umoren, R. A. (2017). On becoming a global citizen: Transformative learning through global health experiences. Annals of Global Health, 83(3–4), 596–604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aogh.2017.07.005

Lummis, G., Lock, G., Freeman, C., & Ferguson, C. A. (2019). Transformational learning in first-year Australian preservice primary teacher. Journal of Transformative Education, 17(4), 299–317. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541344619849043

Madsen, S. R. (2010). Leadership development in the United Arab Emirates: The transformational learning experiences of women. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 17(1), 100–110. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051809345254

Madsen, S. R., & Cook, B. J. (2010). Transformative learning: UAE, women, and higher education Journal of Responsibility Global, 1(1), 127–148. https://doi.org/10.1108/20412561011039744

Mezirow, J. (1977). Perspective transformation. Studies in Adult Education, 9(2), 153–164. https://doi.org/10.1080/02660830.1977.11730750

Mezirow, J. (1978). Perspective transformation. Adult Education, 2(2), 100–110. https://doi.org/10.1177/074171367802800202

Mezirow, J. (1981). A critical theory of adult learning and education. Adult Education Quarterly, 32(3), 3–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/074171368103200101

Mezirow. J. (1985). A critical theory of self-directed learning. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. https://doi.org/10.1002/ace.36719852504

Mezirow, J. (1991). Transformative learning of adult learning. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Mezirow, J. (1992). Transformation theory: Critique and confusion. Adult Education Quarterly, 42(4), 250–252. https://doi.org/10.1177/074171369204200404

Mezirrow, J. (1996). Contemporary paradigms of learning. Adult Education Quarterly, 46(3), 158–172. https://doi.org/10.1177/074171369604600303

Mezirow, J. (2000). Learning as transformation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Mezirow, J. (2003). Transformative learning as discourse. Journal of Transformative Education, 1(1), 58–63. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541344603252172

Mezirow, J. (2006). An overview over transformative learning. In P. Sutherland, & J. Crowther (Eds.), Lifelong learning: Concepts and contexts (pp. 90–105). London: Routledge.

Nerstrom, N. (2017). Transformative learning: Moving beyond theory and practice. International Journal of Adult Vocational Education and Technology, 8(1), 36–46. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijavet.2017010104

Noor Aini, A., & Norhafizah, A. H. (2015). Tahap pengetahuan guru pendidikan khas apabila mengurus tingkah laku murid bermasalah pembelajaran. Asia Pacific Journal of Educators and Education, 30, 73–88.

Othman, L. (2012). Penyelidikan kualitatif: Pengenalan kepada teori dan method. Tanjung Malim: Penerbit UPSI.

Othman, L. (2017). Penyelidikan kualitatif: Pengenalan kepada teori dan method. Tanjung Malim: Penerbit UPSI.

Paris, G., & Hay, P. (2020). 5 x 5 x 5 = Creativity: Art as a transformative practice. International Journal of Art and Design Education, 39(1), 69–84. https://doi.org/10.1111/jade.12229

Parker, C., & Bickmore, K. (2020). Classroom peace circles: Teachers’ professional learning and implementation of restorative dialogue. Teaching and Teacher Education, 95, 103129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2020.103129

Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research & evaluation methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.

Ruiz-Mallen, I., Riboli-Sasco, L., Ribrault, C., Heras, M., Laguna, D., & Perié, L. (2016). Citizen science: Toward transformative learning. Science Communication, 38(4), 523–534. https://doi.org/10.1177/1075547016642241

Ryder, C., MacKean, T., Ullah, S., Burton, H., Halls, H., McDermott, D., & Edmondson, W. (2019). Development and validation of a questionnaire to measure attitude change in health professionals after completion of an aboriginal health and cultural safety training programme. Australian Journal of Indigenous Education, 48(1), 24–38. https://doi.org/10.1017/jie.2017.37

Sanchez, L. E., & Mitchell, R. (2017). Conceptualizing impact assessment as a learning process. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 62, 195–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2016.06.001

Schwartz, J., & Schwartz, R. (2018). Learning to disclose: A postcolonial autoethnography of transracial adoption. Journal of Transformative Education, 16(1), 39–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541344617715709

Scott, H. E. (2018). Through the wall of literacy: Transformative practice in social networks among GCSE re-sit Further Education students. Education and Training, 60(6), 569–583. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-03-2018-0054

Silverman, R. M., & Patterson, K. (2015). Qualitative research methods for community development. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315797762

Siti Uzairiah. (2017). Kajian kualitatif dan analisis temu bual. Kuala Lumpur: Aras Publisher.

Syed Ismail, S. M. (2010). Guru dan cabaran semasa: Siri pengajian profesional. Selangor: Penerbitan Multimedia.

Szelei, N., Tinoca, L., & Pinho, A. S. (2019). Rethinking ‘cultural activities’: An examination of how teachers utilised student voice as a pedagogical tool in multicultural schools. Teaching and Teacher Education, 79, 176–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2018.12.020

Thomas, M. J., & Dommermuth, L. (2020). Internal migration and the role of intergenerational family ties and life events. Journal of Marriage and Family, 82(5), 1461–1478. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12678

Thompson, T., Lamont-Robinson, C., & Williams, V. (2016). At sea with disability! Transformative learning in medical undergraduates voyaging with disabled sailors. Medical Education, 50(8), 866–879. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.13087

Yee, J., Raijmakers, B., & Ichikawa, F. (2019). Transformative learning as impact in social innovation. Design and Culture, 11(1), 109–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/17547075.2019.1567984

Yin, L. C., Loreman, T., Majid, R. A., & Alias, A. (2019). The dispositions towards loving pedagogy (DTLP) scale: Instrument development and demographic analysis. Teaching and Teacher Education, 86, 102884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2019.102884

Yin, R. K. (2003). Case study research: design and method (3rd ed.). London: SAGE Publication.

Zaky, H. (2019). Infield education: Enhancing adult learners’ affective domain for transformative learning endorsement. Cogent Education, 6(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2019.1693679

Zharulnizam, S. Z. A. (2010). Kepimpinan dan pengurusan pendidikan khas. Selangor: Utusan Publications & Distributors.

Zygmunt, E., Cipollone, K., Tancock, S., Clausen, J., Clark, P., & Mucherah, W. (2018). Loving out loud: Community mentors, teacher candidates, and transformational learning through a pedagogy of care and connection. Journal of Teacher Education, 69(2), 127–139. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487117751640