Needs Assessment and Educational Change
Main Article Content
Abstract
Penaksiran keperluan telah menjadi satu isu yang kian menjadi penting dalam proses perubahan pendidikan. Penyelidikan dalam penaksiran keperluan masih kurang. Kajian-kajian berhubung dengan penaksiran keperluan dalam bidang perkembangan kurikulum, perubahan organisasi dan tingkahlaku pelajar adalah diperlukan. Kertas ini cuba menggambarkan cara penaksiran keperluan dan secara ringkas meneliti perhubungan di antara keperluan dengan penaksiran keperluan dalam proses perubahan pendidikan.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Baldridge, Victo J., and Terrence E. Deal. (eds.) Managing Change in Educational Organizations: Sociological Perspectives, Strategies and Case Studies. Berkeley, California: McCutchan Publication Corporation, 1975.
English, F.W., and R.A. Kaufman, "Needs Assessment: A focus for curriculum development." Washington, D.C.: Association for Supervisors and Curriculum Developers, 1975.
French, Wendell L., and Cecil H. Bell, Jr., Organizational Development: Behavioral Science Interventions for Organizational Improvement. Englewood Cliffs; Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1973.
Houston, Robert W., et. al. Assessing School, College, Community Needs. Omaha: The Center for Urban Education, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 1978.
Kaufman, Roger A., Educational System Planning. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1972.
Kaufman, Roger A., ''A Possible Taxonomy of Needs Assessment,'' Educational Technology, Vol. 17, No. II, pp. 60-64, 1977.
Paul, Douglas A., "A conceptual framework for studying knowledge utilization." Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Washington, D.C., 1975.
Paul, Douglas A. "Change processes at the elementary, secondary, and post-secondary levels of education." In Nicholas Nash and Jack Culbertson (eds.), Linking Provesses in Educational Improvement: Concepts and Applications. Columbus, Ohio: University Council for Educational Administration, pp. 7-73, 1977.
Rogers, Everett M., and Floyd F. Shoemaker, Communications for lnnovations: A Cross Cultural Approach. New York: The Free Press. 1971.
Witkin, Belle Ruth, An analysis of need assessment techniques for educational planning at state, intermediate and district levels. Haywood, California: Office of the Alameda Superintendent of Schools, 1975a.
Witkin, Belle Ruth, "Communication strategies in public policy decision making: an analysis of processes in major needs assessment models for a systems point of view." Paper prepared for the International Communication Association, Chicago, Illinois, April 1975b.