Climate change (Mal)adaptation in the Bangladesh Sundarbans: A Systematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36777/jag2024.3.2.2Keywords:
Bangladesh, maldadaption, barriers to adaptation, gender, ecosystem-based adaptationAbstract
Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to climate change due to its exposure to climate-related hazards and increasing extreme weather events. However, vulnerability is also shaped by the design and implementation of adaptation interventions, particularly those adopting technocratic and top-down approaches that may overlook local knowledge, livelihood systems, and the needs of vulnerable communities. Consequently, some adaptation interventions may produce unintended adverse outcomes, commonly referred to as maladaptation. This study systematically reviews peer-reviewed literature published since 2014 to examine the state of research on climate change adaptation and maladaptation in southwestern coastal Bangladesh, with particular attention to the Sundarbans region. The review focuses on four interrelated themes: maladaptation, barriers to adaptation, ecosystem-based adaptation, and gender. The findings reveal substantial research gaps across these themes, together with a notable geographical imbalance in the distribution of existing studies within the region. The review further highlights the need to better understand how adaptation interventions affect vulnerable communities, particularly those whose livelihoods depend directly on natural resources and ecosystem services. Given the potential for adaptation initiatives to generate unintended social, livelihood, and environmental consequences, greater attention should be directed towards identifying and addressing the drivers of maladaptation. Future adaptation planning in coastal Bangladesh should therefore adopt more locally informed, inclusive, context-specific, and ecosystem-sensitive approaches to enhance adaptation effectiveness while reducing the risk of maladaptive outcomes.
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